Study on Remediation Effects of Different Aquatic
Plant Functional Group Combinations on Polluted Pond Aquaculture Water

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.02.009

Subtropical Plant Science ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 216-225.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.02.009

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Study on Remediation Effects of Different Aquatic Plant Functional Group Combinations on Polluted Pond Aquaculture Water

XIAO Ying-xue¹, GUO Si-yi¹, TAN Xiao-yao^1,2, ZHU Qian¹, HOU Tian-ye¹, ZHANG Yu-ting¹, LIU Hui¹, ZHOU Ting¹, FU Hui^1*

(1. College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area in Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, Hunan China; 2. Meili Primary School, Changsha 410128, Hunan China)

Received:2026-01-08 Accepted:2026-03-04 Online:2026-04-30 Published:2026-04-30
Contact: FU Hui

不同水生植物功能群组合对池塘养殖污染水体的修复效应

肖萤雪¹，郭思怡¹，谭晓瑶^1,2，朱倩¹，侯天烨¹，张郁婷¹，刘慧¹，周婷¹，符辉^1*

(1. 湖南农业大学环境与生态学院 / 洞庭湖区农村生态系统健康湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙410128；2. 魅力小学，湖南长沙 410128)

通讯作者: 符辉
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（32471646）

Abstract

Abstract: With the rapid expansion of aquaculture, the discharge of nutrient-rich wastewater has emerged as a significant impediment to the industry's sustainable growth. This study systematically investigated the wastewater purification capabilities of aquatic plant communities with varying functional group compositions. By assessing their effectiveness in treating crucian carp culture effluent, we aimed to provide a scientific foundation and practical guidance for the ecological remediation of aquaculture wastewater. The experiment utilized three distinct plant functional groups: submerged plants (e.g., Elodea nuttallii, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum), floating plants (e.g., Ipomoea aquatica, Eichhornia crassipes, Alternanthera philoxeroides), and emergent plants (e.g., Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Typha orientalis). Three treatment combinations were established using crucian carp culture wastewater as the substrate: S (submerged plants only), SF (submerged+floating plants), and SFE (submerged+floating+emergent plants). Key water quality parameters, including total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^–-N), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), were monitored over time. The results indicated that the SFE combination achieved the highest purification rates for TN (97.16%) and NH₄⁺-N (97.86%), demonstrating a purification hierarchy of SFE＞SF＞S. The SF combination proved most effective for NO₃^–-N removal, with a purification rate of 99.76%, followed by SF＞SFE＞S. The S combination yielded the best results for TP (79.3%) and COD (58.52%) purification, with an order of S＞ SF＞SFE. Across all treatments, peak purification rates were observed at 97.16% for TN, 79.30% for TP, 99.54% for NO₃^–-N, 97.86% for NH₄⁺-N, and 58.52% for COD. Overall, nitrogen removal was markedly more efficient than phosphorus removal and organic matter degradation. This research highlights the differential impacts of aquatic plant functional group combinations on crucial pollution indicators in aquaculture wastewater and offers a practical technical solution for the ecological restoration of actual aquaculture systems.

Key words: aquatic plant, functional groups combinations, purification efficiency

摘要： 随着水产养殖业集约化发展，富营养化废水的排放已成为制约行业可持续发展的关键问题。本研究通过构建不同功能群组合的水生植物群落，系统评估其对鲫鱼养殖废水净化效率的影响，为养殖废水的生态修复提供科学依据和实践参考。实验选取沉水植物（伊乐藻、黑藻、金鱼藻）、漂浮植物（水空心菜、水葫芦、空心莲子草）和挺水植物（芦苇、茭草、香蒲）三类功能群，以富营养化鲫鱼养殖废水为实验基质，设置三种功能群组合处理（S：仅沉水植物；SF：沉水+漂浮植物；SFE：沉水+漂浮植物+挺水植物），监测关键水质指标（总氮（TN）、氨态氮（NH₄⁺-N）、硝态氮（NO₃^–-N）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD））的动态变化。结果表明：TN和NH₄⁺-N的净化效果最佳的是SFE组合，净化率分别为97.16%和97.86%，净化效果排序为SFE＞SF＞S；NO₃^–-N的净化效果最佳的是SF组合，净化率为99.76%，净化效果排序为SF＞SFE＞S；TP 与 COD 的净化表现最优的为S组合，净化率分别为79.3%和58.52%，净化效果排序为S＞SF＞SFE。实验期间各处理的最高净化率为TN 97.16%、TP 79.30%、NO₃^–-N 99.54%、NH₄⁺-N 97.86%、COD 58.52%，整体来看，脱氮效果显著优于除磷与有机物降解。本研究揭示了水生植物功能群组合对养殖废水关键污染指标的差异化调控作用，为实际养殖水体的生态修复提供了可操作的技术路径。

关键词: 水生植物, 功能群落组合, 净化效果

CLC Number:

Q948

XIAO Ying-xue, GUO Si-yi, TAN Xiao-yao, ZHU Qian, HOU Tian-ye, ZHANG Yu-ting, LIU Hui, ZHOU Ting, FU Hui. Study on Remediation Effects of Different Aquatic Plant Functional Group Combinations on Polluted Pond Aquaculture Water[J]. Subtropical Plant Science, 2026, 55(2): 216-225.

肖萤雪, 郭思怡, 谭晓瑶, 朱倩, 侯天烨, 张郁婷, 刘慧, 周婷, 符辉. 不同水生植物功能群组合对池塘养殖污染水体的修复效应[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2026, 55(2): 216-225.

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Study on Remediation Effects of Different Aquatic Plant Functional Group Combinations on Polluted Pond Aquaculture Water

不同水生植物功能群组合对池塘养殖污染水体的修复效应

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