According to the sampling research of soil for the green-land of 12 urban roads in Guangzhou by using principal component analysis, the soil fertility characteristics were studied and the dominant factors were screened. The results showed that the soil pH value was 5.52-8.76, in which the ratio of alkaline soil to strong alkaline soil was 78.26%; the EC value and the average value of organic matter were 0.19 mS/cm and 26.52 g/kg, respectively, which led to low water soluble salt and organic nutrient; in addition, available P was at a high level, and next levels were total N and total K, while total P, available N and available K were at low levels. The screening results showed that, the soil pH, organic matter, total N, total P, available N and available P could be selected as target on evaluating soil fertility as main factors, meanwhile, the soil total K and available K could be selected as target on evaluating soil fertility as secondary factor. Eventually, these research results provided a basis for the construction management and post maintenance of urban road green-land.