Research articles

Metabolite Differences in Different Parts of Wild Ficus stenophylla Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics Combined with UPLC-MS/MS

  • 曾 雷,陈颖乐,王 颂,王志宏,汤邝杰
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  • (Guangdong Academy of Forestry / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangzhou 510520, Guangdong China)

Received date: 2024-11-14

  Accepted date: 2024-12-26

  Online published: 2025-06-27

Abstract

In this study, wild Ficus stenophylla from Shaoguan, Guangdong, was used as materials. The contents of total saponins, total flavonoids, total phenols, and total coumarins in its roots, stems, and leaves were determined. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technology was used for widely targeted metabolomics analysis. Multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used for data processing. The enrichment pathways of differential metabolites were analyzed based on KEGG. The results showed that the leaves exhibited the highest contents of total saponins, total flavonoids, and polyphenols, with values of 44.71, 25.70 and 12.40 mg·g–1, respectively. The highest total coumarin content was observed in the stem (2.30 µg·g–1). The metabolite profiles in the roots, stems, and leaves of F. stenophylla were distinctly differentiated. A total of 953 metabolites across 19 categories were identified from these samples, with 224 differential metabolites being screened. The differential metabolites, which were predominantly composed of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and phenols, were significantly upregulated in the stems and leaves. Twenty-three common differential metabolites were identified across the three groups, predominantly comprising flavonoids. Notably, flavonoids such as rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, (+)-epicatechin, and astragaloside may be served as key metabolites for distinguishing the different parts of wild F. stenophylla. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these differential metabolites were primarily involved in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. This study elucidated the bioactive components and metabolite composition of various parts of F. stenophylla, providing a valuable reference for exploring and fully utilizing key metabolites and functional components in this species.

Cite this article

曾 雷,陈颖乐,王 颂,王志宏,汤邝杰 . Metabolite Differences in Different Parts of Wild Ficus stenophylla Based on Widely Targeted Metabolomics Combined with UPLC-MS/MS[J]. Subtropical Plant Science, 2025 , 54(2) : 144 -157 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.02.004

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