To screen out germplasm resources of Forsythia suspensa with high coumarin content and determine the main environmental factors affecting its coumarin metabolism, UPLC-MS/MS was used to analyze the differences of 25 coumarin metabolites in F. suspensa from 10 populations and their correlations with environmental factors. The results showed that the contents of 25 coumarin metabolites were significantly different among 10 populations. Specifically, in both Luanchuan (LC) and Pingshun (PS) populations, the contents of 6 coumarin metabolites were significantly higher than those in other populations. Among them, ostruthin was significantly positively correlated with temperature bio1, bio5, bio8, bio10. Esculin and daphnin were significantly positively correlated with temperature bio4, bio7, bio2. Dimethyllimettin was significantly positively correlated with temperature bio9, bio11. Fraxetin glucose glucoside was significantly negatively correlated with temperature bio6, bio9, bio11. Dimethyllimettin, coriandrin, 4',5'-dihydropsoralen, 5,8-dihydroxypsoralen, 6-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin were significantly positively correlated with precipitation bio17, bio19. In conclusion, the LC and PS populations exhibited high levels of coumarin, a bioactive component in F. suspensa. This could be attributed to local adaptation to environmental heterogeneity, particularly in terms of temperature and precipitation, rather than altitude. The research findings hold reference value for the selection and breeding of superior germplasm resources of F. suspensa, as well as for its introduction, cultivation, and production management.
[1] 《中华本草》编委会, 国家中医药管理局. 中华本草[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 1999.
[2] 王素娟. 连翘食疗价值及应用研究探索[J]. 河北果树, 2025(2): 52–53.
[3] 赵咏梅, 李发荣, 杨建雄, 梁俊, 张利顺. 连翘苷降血脂及抗氧化作用的实验研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2005(2): 157?159.
[4] 原江锋, 邱智军, 呼丽君, 刘贺, 高耀辉. 连翘花提取物活性成分及其稳定性[J]. 食品科学, 2015, 36(14): 130–134.
[5] 金月, 李富云, 谢静, 程芳, 宋治荣, 张岩, 杨锡仓, 窦霞. 贯叶连翘的历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J]. 中国野生植物资源, 2024, 43(3): 82–89.
[6] 范圣此, 张立伟. 连翘产业现状的分析及其相关问题的对策研究[J]. 中国现代中药, 2018(4): 371–376.
[7] 梅雪, 周安琴, 李静, 周春阳. 连翘叶的化学成分、药理学与毒理学研究概况[J]. 中国药房, 2015, 26(22): 3143–3146.
[8] 李中改. 绿原酸、连翘脂苷、黄芪多糖在抗菌抗病毒及提高动物免疫力方面的实验研究进展[J]. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2015, 45(5): 44–46.
[9] 董熠, 刘丽佳, 韩潞雯, 廖天琪, 许妍妍, 李遇伯. 香豆素类化学成分的药理作用及毒性机制研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2023, 54(16): 5462–5472.
[10] 苏云, 刘屹, 郁恋明, 李婷婷, 张艳. 洗发护发和清洁沐浴类化妆品中香豆素类化合物的测定[J]. 云南化工, 2025, 52(4): 72–77.
[11] Zhou S S, Yan X, Yang J, Qian C J, Yin X Y, Fan X K, Fang T Z, Gao Y, Chang Y X,?Liu W M, Ma X F. Variations in flavonoid metabolites along altitudinal gradient in a desert medicinal plant Agriophyllum squarrosum [J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021, 12: 683265.
[12] Fang T Z, Zhou S S, Qian C J, Yan X, Yin X Y, Fan X K, Zhao P S, Liao Y Q, Shi L, Chang Y X, Ma X F. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics insights on flavonoid biosynthesis of a medicinal functional forage, Agriophyllum squarrosum L., based on a common garden trial covering six ecotypes [J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 13: 985572.
[13] Zhou S S, Yang J, Qian C J, Yin X Y, Yan X, Fan X K, Fang T Z, Gao Y, Chang Y X, Ma X F. Organic acid metabolites involved in local adaptation to altitudinal gradient in Agriophyllum squarrosum, a desert medicinal plant [J]. Journal of Plant Research, 2021, 134(5): 999–1011.
[14] 马子清. 山西植被[M]. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 2002: 71.
[15] 王海莉. 不同环境条件对连翘生长发育过程的影响[J]. 中医学报, 2014, 29(11): 3.
[16] 明兴加, 李登元, 张明. 贯叶连翘生长发育规律的观察研究[J]. 中国野生植物资源, 2010, 131(2): 28?29.
[17] Zhou S S, Wu L N, Zhang Y H, Guo Y T, Xi J L, Li D Y, Ji J L. Variations in flavonoid metabolites among Forsythia suspensa populations in response to environmental heterogeneity [J]. Plants, 2025, 14(21): 3329.
[18] Qing Z, Jia C H, Xu H Y, Wang Y F, Zhang M L, Huo C H, Shi Q W, Yu S H. Chemical constituents of plants from the genus Forsythia [J]. Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry, 2012, 9(3): 303–318.
[19] 张天锡, 史磊, 刘雯, 张美玲, 杨建昕, 李峰. 连翘化学成分、药理活性现代研究[J]. 辽宁中医药大学学报, 2016, 18(12): 222–224.
[20] 索晓雄, 刘彩霞, 赵一萌, 杜晨晖, 平莉莉, 詹海仙, 贺润丽, 尚彩玲, 张小波, 史婷婷, 裴香萍. 基于最大熵模型和ArcGIS的山西省连翘品质区划研究[J]. 中国中医药信息杂志, 2024, 31(10): 1–7.
[21] 秦明星, 焦丽娜, 杨忠义, 王佳星, 纪薇. 基于MaxEnt和GIS的山西省连翘潜在分布及适宜性分析[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2021, 42(6): 109–117.
[22] Li L F, Samuel A C, He Y X, Li Y. Genome sequencing and population genomics modeling provide insights into the local adaptation of weeping forsythia[J]. Horticulture Research, 2020, 7: 130.
[23] 贾朝, 张雨婷. 秦皮香豆素提取工艺优化及其对MAO抑制活性研究[J]. 商洛学院学报, 2025, 39(2): 7–15.
