The quantity distribution, species composition and floristic elements of 5571 ancient trees consisted of 56 families, 122 genera and 213 species in Qiannan Prefecture were analyzed. The results showed that ancient trees resource in Qiannan Prefecture was almost of third-class ancient trees, accounted for 79.7% of total trees, the diameter was mostly below 2 m, maximum diameter was 4.9 m. Ancient trees were rarely in towns, courtyard, rural houses and temples. There were 95.7% of the ancient trees distributed in the countryside, and most of them were scattered distribution. The dominant families with species composition were Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Ulmaceae and Pinaceae; the dominant families with number composition were Hamamelidacea, Ulmaceae, Cupressaceae, Lauraceae and Ginkgoacea; the dominant species were Liquidambar formosona, Cupressus funebris, Zelkova schneideriana, Cinnamomum camphora and Ginkgo biloba. There were more relict species, endemic species and Chinese protection species. Areal types and subtypes of families, genera, species were various, the flora of families and species was mainly Tropic, but at the level of genera, there was no significant difference between temperate element and tropical element; tropical element of families was tend to Pantropic, tropical element of genus and species were Pantropic and Tropic Asia; temperate element of families was North Temperate and South Temperate disjunct distribution, temperate element of genera was North Temperate, East Asia, North America disjuncted and East Asia distribution, and temperate element of species was North Temperate.