The fructification of 5-year-old Jatropha curcas from different provenances was investigated in this study. The results showed that the seed yield per plant of J. curcas from different provenances was significant different. The seed yield per plant from Yuanyang County in Yunnan was highest (218.96 g). The seed yield per plant from Yanbian County in Sichuan was lowest (only 48.42 g). The average seed oil content of J. curcas from different provenances was also significant different. The average seed oil content from Longlin County in Guangxi was highest (42.80%), and the average seed oil content from Wangmo County in Guizhou was lowest, only 37.23%. The seed yield per plant was significantly correlated with the latitude and the average annual temperature of the provenance, and especially was extremely significantly correlated with frost-free season of the provenance. The seed yield per plant was negatively correlated with the latitude, while was positively correlated with the average annual temperature and the frost-free season. It indicated that the yield per plant of the provenance from lower latitude, higher average annual temperature and longer frost-free season was relatively high in Pinghe County, Fujian Province. There was no significant correlation between the average seed oil content and various geographic meteorological factors. According to the Cluster analysis of the seed yield per plant and the seed oil content average, 9 kinds of provenances were divided into 4 different categories: excellent, good, medium, and poor. On the whole, the northwest region of Yunnan Province and the southeast region of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region may be the excellent provenance regions of J. curcas. The seed yield per plant of the five provenances from these regions was reached to 147.43 g, and the average seed oil content reached to 41.07%.