采用石蜡切片法和组织离析法观察湿地植物菖蒲Acorus calamus营养器官的解剖结构特征，并探讨与菖蒲生态适应性的关系。结果表明，菖蒲根状茎具有不定根，不定根的表皮由一层细胞组成，排列紧密；皮层由多层薄壁细胞组成，薄壁细胞破裂形成多数的通气道；内皮层存在细胞壁马蹄形加厚的凯氏带，维管柱具5原型初生木质部，具4～10个大型导管，形成发达的通气组织。根状茎外层表皮细胞类方形，外壁增厚；基本组织近表皮有厚壁细胞团，皮层薄壁细胞呈链状排列，中间有较大的通气组织，内皮层形成凯氏带，有大量导管附着在凯氏带周围；维管束散生于基本组织，中柱维管束为周木型。根状茎部分区域存在与内生菌共生形成的结瘤。叶是等面叶，叶肉组织薄壁细胞破裂形成大的通气组织，叶脉具有限外韧维管束，中间有一较大的导管。菖蒲的解剖结构特点与其湿地生长环境相适应，根状茎存在结瘤状内共生菌，具有净化污水作用，不定根发达适于分株繁殖。
The anatomical structure characteristics of vegetative organs of wetland plant Acorus calamus were observed by the paraffin method and tissue segregation process, and the relationship between these structure characteristics and ecological adaptability of A. calamus was also discussed. The experimental results showed that A. calamus rhizome had adventitious roots. Radical epidermis was composed of a layer of cells, arranging compactly. The cortex was composed of the multilayer parenchymal cells, which were ruptured to form numerous aerenchyma. The endodermis had the thickened casparian band with horseshoe in cytoderm. The vessel column had 5 prototype primary xylems and 4—10 large-scale vessel to form the developed aerenchyma. The epidermis cells out of the rhizome were squared. The extine was thickened. The elementary tissue approximating to the epidermis had the sclerenchyma cell groups. The cortex parenchymal cells were arranged in chains. There was the large aerenchyma in the middle. The endodermis formed the Casparian strip. Lots of vessels were attached around the Casparian strip. Vascular bundles were scattered in the ground tissue. The central cylinder’s vascular bundle was presented in the amphivasal type. Partial region of rhizome was mutualized with endophyte to form nodulation. The leaves of A. calamus were isolateral. The parenchymal cells of mesophyll tissues were ruptured to form the large aerenchyma. The vein had the limited collateral vascular. There was a large vessel in the middle. The anatomical structure features of A. calamus showed that it was adaptive to the growth environment of wetland. A. calamus rhizome had the endophyte in nodulation, which could purify sewage. The developed adventitious root was suitable for division propagation.
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