针对广东省杉木第3代种子园建设早期一处小型园区(2 hm2)自然发生的炭疽病害跟踪监测其流行情况。建园后前两年(2016～2017年)均有炭疽病害发生，但对种子园影响不大；建园后2.5年时(2018年)，种子园炭疽病发病事件增多，42.5%嫁接株出现炭疽病症，炭疽病对种子园母株健康影响较大。于发病率较高龄期(2.5年生)调查不同亲本嫁接无性系的感病情况，发现不同亲本(n=56)抗炭疽病能力差异较大(感病率9.1%～81.8%)。根据感病率，初步确定其中5个亲本(cx731、cx841、cx859、cx872、cx876)具有较强的抗炭疽病能力，这些亲本是开展杉木抗炭疽病育种研究的重要候选材料。
关键词：
杉木; 种子园; 亲本; 炭疽病; 抗病性
The present study aimed to analyze an early epidemic anthracnose case in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) third-generation seed orchard (2 hm2) of Guangdong. The results indicated that the anthracnose occurred over the first two years (2016—2017) with little impact on the health of the seed orchard. In 2018 (the seed orchard was two and half years old), the anthracnose had a breakout and greatly impacted the seed orchard leading to 42.5% of the grafted plantlets suffering an anthracnose disease. Regarding the clonal infection rate in 2018, it was found that different breeding parents (n=56) expressed a different resistance abilities to anthracnose with an infection rate ranging from 9.1% to 81.8%. Five breeding parents, including cx731, cx841, cx859, cx872, cx876, were preliminarily proved to be resistant to anthracnose at a relatively high level. These parents were important materials for the Chinese fir anthracnose-resistance breeding programs.
[1] 赖旭恩,胡德活,苏艳,张亦弛,郑会全. 干旱胁迫对杉木无性系非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2018,47(2): 120–123.
[2] Zheng H Q, Hu D H, Wei R P, Yan S, Wang R H. Chinese fir breeding in the high–throughput sequencing era: insights from SNPs[J]. Forests, 2019,10(8): 681.
[3] 朱克恭. 杉木病害的种类及识别方法[J]. 森林病虫通讯, 1992(2): 42–43.
[4] 田龙艳,练涛,柯思恺,秦长生,徐金柱,赵丹阳,邱华龙,杨华,靳秀芳,李南林. 粤北地区杉木真菌性病害种类[J]. 林业与环境科学, 2019,35(4): 90–96.
[5] 林业部南方森林植物检疫所,南京林产工业学院,江西省进贤县北岭林场. 杉木炭疽病的研究–Ⅲ. 病害流行[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 1980(4): 16–22.
[6] 曾思海. 杉木真菌病害研究概述[J]. 福建林业科技, 2001(1): 35–39.
[7] 蓝肖,董利军,黄开勇,陈代喜,李德伟,莫柳园. 杉木主要病虫害种类及防治研究综述[J]. 广西林业科学, 2015,44(2): 162–167.
[8] Huang L, Zhu Y N, Yang J Y, Li D W, Li Y, Bian L M, Ye J R. Shoot blight on Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) is caused by Bipolaris oryzae[J]. Plant Disease, 2018,102(3): 500–506.
[9] 谭松山,余昌俊,刘书金,谢昌松. 杉木45个无性系在种子园抗炭疽病的调查[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 1982(2): 173–181.
[10] 谭松山,苏开君. 杉木对炭疽病抗病机制的研究[J]. 植物病理学报, 1987(4): 13.
[11] 董炽良,贺正兴,程政红. 杉木13个无性系对炭疽病抗性测定[J]. 湖南林业科技, 1991(1): 30–31.
[12] 徐一忠,来振良,丰炳财,张士海,邵阳. 杉木种子园不同无性系和不同着生方位球果对病虫害的抗性[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 1997,14(1): 35–40.
[13] 沈宝仙,边银丙,罗永生. 杉木无性系对落针病抗性的研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 1998,17(3): 281–284.
闽公网安备 35020602000789号