In order to explore the relationship between endogenous hormones and flowering process of Camellia oleifera, changes of endogenous hormone contents during flower bud differentiation were studied in four C. oleifera clone. Combined with the dynamic observation of C. oleifera flower formation and the morphological observation of paraffin sections in flower bud, the contents of zeatin nucleoside (ZR), abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) in Camellia flower bud were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Camellia flower bud differentiation process passed through the pre-differentiation stage (10 d), sepals formation stage (20 d), petal formation stage (30 d), pistil and stamens formation stage (20 d), ovary and florist formation stage (10 d), and pistil and stamens maturation stage (20 d) during 3—4 months. The time of flower bud differentiation was slightly different in different C. oleifera clones. ZR content in Camellia flower bud was relatively low with 5.102—16.412 ng·g–1 FW, but ABA content was relatively high with 76.815—137.648 ng·g–1 FW. Among them, the ZR, ABA content changes of ‘Yuehua 5’ and ‘Xianglin 8’ were similar, and the content changes of ‘Cenruan 3’ and ‘Cenruan 2’ were similar. The content of IAA was relatively high with 49.072—135.622 ng·g–1 FW, they all showed the changing trend of rising slowly, then decreasing and recovering. The GA content was relatively low with 5.616—13.720 ng·g–1 FW. Among them, the trend of IAA, GA content of different Camellia clones were consistent, but the trend of ZR, ABA content was different. ZR was conducive to the formation of flower organs; high concentration of IAA promoted flower bud differentiation, low concentration of IAA favored flowering; IAA and ABA had antagonistic effects obviously; GA inhibited flower bud differentiation.
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