针对广西钦州产区‘桂味’荔枝Litchi chinensis ‘Guiwei’果园2022年春季坐果后大量出现一种罕见的“毛笔尖”形状畸形果问题，于2022年4月(谢花时)选择灵山县4个发生畸形果较典型的‘桂味’荔枝果园及1个未发生畸形果对照果园开展田间调查分析，探讨该畸形果形成过程及原因，为荔枝安全使用外源激素促花保果提供参考。调查表明，荔枝畸形果形成从雌花分化柱头伸长即开始异常，后演变成完全无果肉空壳“毛笔尖”状畸形果，这种“毛笔尖”状畸形果不容易脱落且完全丧失商品价值；4个荔枝果园的畸形果株率为94.0%～100.0%，单株畸形果穗率20.0%～24.0%，单穗畸形果粒率60.9%～65.1%，3个指标在4个果园之间差异均不显著。4个果园于控梢促花保果期均使用含苯肽胺酸的“宝赢”产品，其他没使用过苯肽胺酸促花保果的对照果园没有畸形果发生。因此，初步认为‘桂味’荔枝在当年气候条件下成花坐果期间对苯肽胺酸比较敏感，能使雌花柱头“拉长”异常而影响授粉受精和果实发育，最终形成无食用价值的空壳畸形果。
LIU Hong-feng
,
HUANG Chuan
,
CHEN Chun-fan
,
CHEN Feng-xiang
,
LU Mei-ying
,
CHEN Yan-yan
,
DING Feng
,
LU Rong-qing
,
LI Ye-qing
,
LI Fang-wen
,
PENG Hong-xiang
. ‘桂味’荔枝一种罕见畸形果田间发生成因初探[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2023
, 52(2)
: 93
-100
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.002
In response to the rare “brush tip” shaped abnormal fruit problem that occurred in a large number of ‘Guiwei’ lychee (Litchi chinensis) orchards in the Qinzhou production area of Guangxi in the spring of 2022, in April (flower withering), four ‘Guiwei’ lychee orchards in Lingshan County were selected for investigation analysis and one control orchard no abnormal fruit. The aim is to further analyze and explore the process and reasons for the formation of this abnormal fruit, and provide reference for the safe use of exogenous hormones for promoting flowering and fruit preservation in lychee. The survey results indicated that the formation of abnormal fruit in lychee began from the elongation of the stigma during the differentiation of female flowers, and then evolved into a completely fleshless and empty shell shaped “brush tip” abnormal fruit. This “brush tip” shaped abnormal fruit was not easy to fall off and completely lost its commercial value; The rate of deformed fruit plants in the four orchards was 94.0%–100.0%, the rate of deformed fruit ears per plant was 20.0%–24.0%, and the rate of deformed fruit grains per ear was 60.9%–65.1%. There was no significant difference in the three indicators among the four lychee orchards. All four orchards used “Baoying” products containing phenylpeptidylamine acid during the shoot control, flower promotion, and fruit preservation period. Other control orchards that did not use phenylpeptidylamine acid to promote flower and fruit preservation did not have any abnormal fruit occurrence; It is preliminarily believed that ‘Guiwei’ lychee is sensitive to phenylpeptidylamine acid during flowering and fruiting under the climatic conditions of that year, which can cause abnormal elongation of the female flower stigma and affect pollination, fertilization, and fruit development, ultimately forming empty shell deformed fruits without edible value.
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