兰州市3所高校自生草本植物多样性调查与分析

AN Qi; LIU Wen-lan

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.009

亚热带植物科学 >

2024 , Vol. 53 >Issue 3: 257 - 270

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.009

研究论文

兰州市3所高校自生草本植物多样性调查与分析

AN Qi ,
LIU Wen-lan

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(甘肃农业大学林学院，甘肃兰州 730000)

收稿日期: 2024-03-25

录用日期: 2024-05-14

网络出版日期: 2024-08-23

基金资助

甘肃农业大学科技创新基金—学科建设专项基金(GAU-XKJS-2018-114)；甘肃省高等学校创新能力提升项目(2019B-072)；甘肃省林业和草原局林草科技创新与合作项目(kjcx2021004)；国家自然科学基金项目(31360569)

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Investigation and Analysis of the Diversity of Self-Generated Herbaceous Plants in Three Universities in Lanzhou City

安琪，刘文兰

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(College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu China)

Received date: 2024-03-25

Accepted date: 2024-05-14

Online published: 2024-08-23

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摘要

自生植物是建设低成本、低维护、可持续发展的节约型景观不可缺少的植物材料。为了解兰州市高校自生草本植物资源现状，使其更好地在园林中应用，采用网格布样法于2023年4～10月对甘肃农业大学、兰州大学、兰州理工大学(老校区)校园自生草本植物进行逐月调研。将其所处生境划分为4类，共计样点146个，样方438个，运用Shannon-Wiener指数、Ducan检验等计算方法对物种组成和多样性特征进行分析。结果表明，3所高校共调研到自生草本植物32科87属103种，乡土植物61种，占59.22%；外来入侵植物21种，占20.39%。生活型以多年生草本为主，共63种，一二年生草本40种。物种频度排名前3的为蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum (67.63%)、早开堇菜Viola prionantha (55.76%)、白三叶Trifolium repens (48.32%)，在所有样地中数量较多，有一定生长优势。优势科为菊科Compositae和禾本科Poaceae，为34属44种，菊科植物占比最高；其中蒲公英在林荫、草地、道路3种样地中重要值均位于前5，在甘肃农业大学林荫样地中排第1，重要值为42.21。从空间格局看，林荫和草地生境物种较多，分别为59种和47种，其Shannon-Wiener指数依次为林荫＞草地＞道路＞水边；Shannon-Wiener指数随月份呈先升后降再升趋势，在6月、10月最高，均值分别为6.41和6.17，各生境样地多样性处于较高水平，为与气候、人为干扰、管理水平有关。校园自生草本植物具有良好的生态适应性和植物景观效果，科学利用和规划可形成富有特色和生态意义的园林植物景观。

关键词： 自生草本植物; 物种组成; 多样性分析; 景观应用; 校园; 兰州市

本文引用格式

AN Qi , LIU Wen-lan . 兰州市3所高校自生草本植物多样性调查与分析[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2024 , 53(3) : 257 -270 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.009

Abstract

Autogenic plants are essential plant materials for constructing low-cost, low-maintenance, and sustainable conservation-oriented landscapes. To comprehend the current status of autogenic herbaceous plant resources in colleges and universities within Lanzhou City and to apply them more effectively in gardens, the grid sampling approach was adopted to carry out monthly investigations of autogenic herbaceous plants on the campuses of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou University, and the old campus of Lanzhou University of Technology from April to October 2023. The habitats were classified into 4 types, totaling 146 sampling points and 438 sampling plots. The species composition and diversity characteristics were analyzed through calculation methods such as the Shannon-Wiener index and Ducan test. The results indicated that a total of 103 species belonging to 87 genera and 32 families of autogenic herbaceous plants were surveyed in the three universities, among which 61 were native plants, accounting for 59.22%; 21 were invasive alien plants, constituting 20.39%. The life form was predominantly perennial herbs, with a total of 63 species, and 40 were annual and biennial herbs. The top 3 species in terms of species frequency were Taraxacum mongolicum (67.63%), Viola prionantha (55.76%), and Trifolium repens (48.32%), which were abundant in all sampling plots and had certain growth advantages. The dominant families were Compositae and Poaceae, with 44 species belonging to 34 genera. Compositae plants accounted for the highest proportion; among them, Taraxacum mongolicum held significant values within the top 5 in three types of sampling plots such as shade, grassland, and road, and ranked first in the shade sampling plot of Gansu Agricultural University, with an important value of 42.21. From the perspective of spatial pattern, there were more species in shade and grassland habitats, with 59 and 47 species respectively, and their Shannon-Wiener index was in the order of shade > grassland > road > waterside; the Shannon-Wiener index demonstrated a trend of initially rising, then falling, and subsequently rising over the months, with the highest values in June and October, averaging 6.41 and 6.17 respectively. The diversity of each habitat sampling plot was at a relatively high level, which was related to the climate, human disturbance, and management level. The autogenic herbaceous plants on campus exhibit good ecological adaptability and plant landscape effects. Scientific utilization and planning can shape garden plant landscapes with distinctive features and ecological significance.

Key words： self-generated herbaceous plants; species composition; diversity analysis; landscape application; campus; Lanzhou city

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