小叶兜兰Paphiopedilum barbigerum为国家一级保护植物。本研究在贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区随机选定8个小叶兜兰居群进行调查，分析种群的年龄结构、静态生命表、存活与死亡率曲线，以及种群动态量化指标，探究种群结构和数量变化。结果表明，茂兰保护区小叶兜兰主要生长在海拔680～800 m区域，坡向选择上分布于东北、东南、西南方向的斜坡，小生境的岩石裸露比例超过70%。种群年龄结构为金字塔形态，呈现出增长型趋势。存活曲线接近Deevey-Ⅱ型，说明不同年龄级的死亡率趋于一致，显示出种群发展有持续稳定增长的倾向。从种群结构动态的量化指标来看，个体数量动态指数(Vx)均为正值；在无外界干扰的条件下，种群整体的年龄结构动态指数Vpi = 0.502＞0，显示出种群整体呈现年龄结构上的正增长动态；种群在受干扰时的年龄结构动态指数Vpi' = 0.024＞0，远小于Vpi且趋于零，种群结构趋向于稳定型。
YU Cheng-jun
,
BAI Ping
,
LIU Hua-fu
,
CHEN Zheng-ren
,
MO Jia-wei
,
YAO Cheng-lin
,
FEI Shi-peng
. 茂兰喀斯特森林小叶兜兰种群结构和数量动态分析[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2024
, 53(4)
: 308
-314
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.04.003
Paphiopedilum barbigerum was listed as a national level to protect plants. The purpose of this study aimed to investigate the population structure and quantity changes of P. barbigerum. Eight populations were randomly selected in Maolan National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province for detailed statistics and analysis, and to analyze the population age structure, static life table, survival and mortality curves, and population dynamic quantitative indicators. The results showed that P. barbigerum mainly grew at an altitude range of 680 m to 800 m in Maolan National Reserve, and the slope direction was selected to distribute in the east, southeast, south and southwest slopes, especially in the south slope, where the proportion of rock exposed in small habitats exceeds 70%. The age structure of the population was pyramidal, showing a growing trend. The survival curve was close to Deevey-Ⅱ type, which indicated that the mortality of different age groups tended to be consistent, indicating that the population development had a tendency to continue to increase steadily. From the quantitative indicators of population structure dynamics, the dynamic index of individual number (Vx) were all positive, indicating that under the condition of no external interference, the active index of age structure of the whole population (Vpi) was 0.502＞0, indicating a positive increase in age structure of the whole population. When the population was disturbed, the active index of age structure (Vpi') was 0.024＞0, which was much smaller than Vpi and tended to zero, and the population structure tended to be stable.
[1] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志(第17卷) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999: 64–65.
[2] 龙健, 周建威, 冉景丞, 覃龙江. 茂兰国家级自然保护区濒危植物小叶兜兰生态适应性研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(27): 13049–13051.
[3] 兰谷君. 花开正当时小叶兜兰之二[Z/OL]. http://www.cnocc. cn/detail–96.shtml. 2018-12-18.
[4] 梁康, 罗林, 安明态, 钱长江, 赵熙黔, 姜运力. 贵阳市小叶兜兰资源现状调查及濒危程度分析[J]. 贵州林业科技, 2014, 42(03):39–43.
[5] Shi J, Luo Y B, Bernhardt P, Ran J C, Liu Z J, Zhou Q. Pollination by deceit in Paphiopedilum barbigerum (Orchidaceae): a staminode exploits the innate colour preferences of hoverflies (Syrphidae) [J]. Plant Biology, 2009, 11(1): 17–28.
[6] You J Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cheng J, Pan H T, Zhang Q X. Seed development and asymbiotic germination of Paphiopedilum barbigerum Tang et Wang [J]. Plant Physiology Journal, 2014, 50(3): 275–282.
[7] 尤佳妍, 张毓, 刘岩, 程瑾, 潘会堂, 张启翔. 小叶兜兰的种子发育和无菌萌发[J]. 植物生理学报, 2014, 50(3): 275–282.
[8] 王莲辉, 魏鲁明, 姜运力, 潘德权, 冯育才. 小叶兜兰的组织培养与快速繁殖[J]. 植物生理学通讯, 2010, 46(11): 1169–1170.
[9] 刘岩, 齐霁, 吴记贵, 蒋万杰, 蒋健, 王丹, 张毓, 程瑾. 小叶兜兰的果实生长和雌配子体发育[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2016, 24(1): 14–20.
[10] 龙健, 秦樊鑫, 周建威, 冉景丞, 覃龙江. 濒危植物小叶兜兰(Paphiopedilum barbigerum)微环境特点[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 27(3): 15–20.
[11] Li M Y, Zhao Z, He J, Cheng J , Xie L. The complete chloroplast genome sequences of a highly endangered orchid species Paphiopedilum barbigerum (Orchidaceae) [J]. Mitochondrial DNA Part B-Resources, 2019, 4(2): 2928–2929.
[12] 黔南布依族苗族自治州人民政府.黔南州2022年气候评价[EB/OL]. https://www.qiannan.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlygk/yjgl/fxjchzhjz/ 202302/t20230215_78220300. html. 2023-2-15.
[13] 刘强, 殷寿华, 兰芹英. 兰科植物种群动态研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(11): 2980–2985.
[14] 潘发光, 叶钦良, 李玉峰, 种智明, 陈红锋, 易绮斐. 珍稀濒危植物紫纹兜兰的种群结构和数量动态[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2020, 28 (4): 375–384.
[15] 江洪. 云杉种群生态[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1992: 10.
[16] Hett J M, Loucks O L. Age structure models of balsam fir and eastern hemlock [J]. Journal of Ecology, 1976, 64(3): 1029–1044.
[17] 刘海燕, 杨乃坤, 邹天才, 黄丽华, 汪建文. 贵州特有植物贵州槭的种群结构及动态研究[J]. 广西植物, 2016, 36(5): 548–556.
[18] 陈晓德. 植物种群与群落结构动态量化分析方法研究[J]. 生态学报, 1998(2): 104–107.
[19] 薛建辉. 森林生态学[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2006: 78.
[20] 施金竹, 陈慧, 安明态, 张央, 叶超, 武建勇. 贵州省野生兜兰属植物资源现状及保护成效分析[J]. 广西植物, 2022, 42(6): 1059–1066.
闽公网安备 35020602000789号