o optimize the tobacco structure and increase the availability of the upper leaves, the upper leaves of Yunyan 87 were used as the test material to study the effects of different quantities and times of removing the top leaves on the agronomic and economic traits of roasted cigarettes, as well as their chemical composition, physical characteristics and smoking quality. The results were as followed. (1) Compared to no defoliation, the defoliation treatment promotes an increase in leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of the upper leaves. (2) Both the number and time of removing the top leaves had a significant effect on the rate of top-quality smoke, the rate of medium top-quality smoke, the rate of miscellaneous coloured smoke, and the yield; the yield and production value of the treatment without removing the leaves were the highest, and the rate of top-quality smoke and the average price were the highest in the treatment of removing one piece of top leaf at the time of topping. (3) There were significant effects of both the number and time of removing the top leaves on nicotine, total nitrogen, starch, potassium ions, and sugar-alkali ratios, and their reciprocal effects on nicotine, total nitrogen, total sugars, reducing sugars, and nitrogen-alkali ratios; the chemical compositions were most harmonised in the no-leaf treatment, followed by the removal of two top leaves at the second harvest of the central leaves at the time of harvesting. (4) The number of top leaves removed only had a significant effect on thickness, tensile strength and weight of a single leaf, while the time of removing the top leaves and the interaction effect had a significant effect on the indicators of physical properties, and removing the top leaves in the second bed of the central leaf harvesting could make the physical properties better. (5) The highest score in the comprehensive evaluation of suction quality was obtained by removing 2 pieces of top leaves at the second bed harvesting of the middle leaves. On the whole, removing 2 pieces of top leaves at the second bed harvesting of the middle leaves is favourable to the improvement of the yield quality of the upper leaves.
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