不同基原与产地羌活挥发油成分差异性分析

ZHANG Jun; LI Qian

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.01.002

亚热带植物科学 >

2025 , Vol. 54 >Issue 1: 11 - 21

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.01.002

研究论文

不同基原与产地羌活挥发油成分差异性分析

ZHANG Jun ,
LI Qian

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(甘肃农业大学农学院 / 省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730070)

收稿日期: 2024-07-26

录用日期: 2024-09-25

网络出版日期: 2025-05-22

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32360113)

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Differential Analysis of Volatile Oil Composition of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix from Different Origins and Habitats

张珺，李欠

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(College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu China)

Received date: 2024-07-26

Accepted date: 2024-09-25

Online published: 2025-05-22

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摘要

以不同产地、不同基原的20批羌活药材为材料，采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取羌活挥发油，并通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术系统分析羌活Notopterygium incisum与宽叶羌活N. franchetii 的挥发油得率、成分及相对含量。结合聚类分析(HCA)、主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)等化学计量学方法，比较羌活与宽叶羌活的挥发油化学成分差异。结果表明，羌活的挥发油平均含量高于宽叶羌活，而宽叶羌活挥发油成分的种类更为丰富；在20批羌活样品挥发油中共鉴定出206种成分，主要为烃类及醇类，20批样品共有成分仅有3种，均为烃类化合物；此外，含量最高的5个成分β-蒎烯、α-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯、γ-松油烯和(-)-萜品-4-醇在不同基原和产地样品中也具有明显差异；HCA、PCA和 OPLS-DA 等方法均能将羌活和宽叶羌活有效区分开，但对于不同产地的样品无法进行区分；以VIP > 1为判断标准筛选出23个差异性挥发油类成分，可以作为区分羌活和宽叶羌活的重要成分。不同基原羌活挥发油化学成分类型和含量存在显著差异，但不同产地间无明显差异，表明在引起羌活挥发油成分存在差异的众多因素中，基原是主导因素。研究结果为羌活药材质量控制和资源开发提供科学依据。

关键词： 羌活; 宽叶羌活; 基原; 挥发油; GC-MS; 差异

本文引用格式

ZHANG Jun , LI Qian . 不同基原与产地羌活挥发油成分差异性分析[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2025 , 54(1) : 11 -21 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.01.002

Abstract

The differences in volatile oil composition of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (NRR) from different origins and habitats were studied to provide scientific basis for the quality control and resource development of NRR. Twenty batches of NRR herbs from different origins and habitats were used as experimental materials to extract the volatile oil by water vapour distillation. The volatile oil yields, compositions and relative contents of Notopterygium incisum (NI) and N. franchetii (NF) were systematically analyzed by GC-MS technology. The differences in chemical composition between NI and NF were interpreted from the perspective of volatile constituents by combining with cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results showed that the average volatile oil content of NI was higher than that of NF, whereas NF had a richer variety of volatile oil constituents. A total of 206 constituents were identified in the volatile oils from 20 batches, which were mainly hydrocarbons and alcohols. There were only 3 common constituents in 20 batches of the samples, which were all hydrocarbons. In addition, the 5 constituents with the highest contents, namely, β-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, (+)-limonene, p-mentha-1,4-diene, (-)-terpinen-4-ol were also significantly different in the different origins and habitats samples. The chemometrics analysis showed that HCA, PCA and OPLS-DA could effectively distinguish NI from NF, but could not be differentiated between samples of different habitats. A total of 23 differentiated volatile oil constituents were screened out using VIP > 1 as a judgement criterion, which can be used as an important constituent for distinguishing NI from NF. There were significant differences in the types and contents of the volatile oils of NRR from different origins, but there were no obvious differences among different habitats, indicating that origins are the dominant factors among the many factors that cause differences in the volatile compositions of NRR. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the the quality evaluation system of NRR.

Key words： Notopterygium incisum; N. franchetii; origins; volatile oil; GC-MS; difference

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