To screen out germplasm resources of Forsythia suspensa with high coumarin content and determine the main environmental factors affecting its coumarin metabolism, UPLC-MS/MS was used to analyze the differences of 25 coumarin metabolites in F. suspensa from 10 populations and their correlations with environmental factors. The results showed that the contents of 25 coumarin metabolites were significantly different among 10 populations. Specifically, in both Luanchuan (LC) and Pingshun (PS) populations, the contents of 6 coumarin metabolites were significantly higher than those in other populations. Among them, ostruthin was significantly positively correlated with temperature bio1, bio5, bio8, bio10. Esculin and daphnin were significantly positively correlated with temperature bio4, bio7, bio2. Dimethyllimettin was significantly positively correlated with temperature bio9, bio11. Fraxetin glucose glucoside was significantly negatively correlated with temperature bio6, bio9, bio11. Dimethyllimettin, coriandrin, 4',5'-dihydropsoralen, 5,8-dihydroxypsoralen, 6-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin were significantly positively correlated with precipitation bio17, bio19. In conclusion, the LC and PS populations exhibited high levels of coumarin, a bioactive component in F. suspensa. This could be attributed to local adaptation to environmental heterogeneity, particularly in terms of temperature and precipitation, rather than altitude. The research findings hold reference value for the selection and breeding of superior germplasm resources of F. suspensa, as well as for its introduction, cultivation, and production management.
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