Different concentrations of ethephon were applied to the street trees Mangifera persiciforma in Xiamen and the flower shedding rate across varying temporal intervals was observed, as well as changes in physiological indicators including endogenous hormone levels (e.g., ABA, IAA), antioxidant enzyme activities (e.g., POD, SOD), and intracellular solute contents. The optimal concentration of ethephon for promoting flower abscission was determined to be within the range of 400 to 600 mg·L–1, with a flower abscission rate approaching 100% and no obvious damage to leaves. After ethephon treatment, endogenous ABA in both leaves and flowers first increased and then decreased. Endogenous IAA in leaves peaked at 1 d post-treatment, then decreased and stabilized, while IAA content in flowers declined gradually. POD activity in leaves increased sharply before slightly declining, whereas in flowers, it exhibited a decreasing trend. SOD activity in leaves showed a trend of first decreasing then increasing, while in flowers, it significantly increased under the influence of ethephon. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves decreased at 7 d and rebounded at 15 d post-treatment, while in flowers, it increased progressively over time. Soluble sugar content in leaves first decreased then increased, whereas in flowers, it showed an overall downward trend. Changes in soluble protein content in both leaves and flowers were relatively stable. In summary, ethephon at 400–600 mg·L–1 can effectively promote M. persiciforma flower abscission through the regulation of endogenous hormones, antioxidant enzyme activities, and intracellular solutes.
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