不同光斑环境对海南凤仙花叶片解剖结构及光合特性的影响

王云锦, 王 晋, 杨璨华, 张金玲, 何紫玉

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.01.004

亚热带植物科学 >

2026 , Vol. 55 >Issue 1: 37 - 48

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.01.004

研究论文

不同光斑环境对海南凤仙花叶片解剖结构及光合特性的影响

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(1. 海南大学热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室 / 海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室, 海南儋州 571737；2. 海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院、乡村振兴学院), 海南儋州 571737；3. 海南国家公园研究院/海南国家公园保护与发展重点实验室, 海南海口 570203)

收稿日期: 2025-12-31

录用日期: 2026-02-13

网络出版日期: 2026-04-30

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(32201282、32371959)；海南大学科研启动项目(RZ2200002427)；海南省研究生创新科研课题(Qhys2023-213、Hyb2025-118)

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Effects of Different Sunflecks Environments on Leaf Anatomical Structure and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Impatiens hainanensis

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(1. Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education / Key Laboratory of Biology of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, Hainan China; 2. School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, Hainan China; 3. Hainan Institute of National Park /Key Laboratory of Protection and Development for Hainan National Park, Haikou 570203, Hainan China)

Received date: 2025-12-31

Accepted date: 2026-02-13

Online published: 2026-04-30

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摘要

为探究极小种群植物海南凤仙花Impatiens hainanensis对不同光斑环境的响应，本研究以6月龄海南凤仙花植株为试验材料，依据天然生境的光环境阈值，设置20%透光（对照）、20%光斑和50%光斑环境，比较分析生长指标、叶片解剖结构和光合特性的变化。结果表明：（1）光斑环境均显著促进了海南凤仙花的株高和冠幅生长，地径未受到显著影响。（2）50%光斑环境显著提升叶片气孔密度。（3）经过40 d光斑处理，50%光斑环境下的海南凤仙花叶片结构，在叶片厚度及叶肉组织发育方面优于20%光斑环境，而其他结构指标保持稳定。（4）长期处于50%光斑环境更有利于维持海南凤仙花的光合色素含量，特别是促进类胡萝卜素的积累。（5）长期在50%光斑环境下能持续并显著提升海南凤仙花的净光合速率，并在促进气孔导度与蒸腾速率方面表现出明显优势。（6）随着光斑处理时间的延长，丙二醛含量表现为先升后降的趋势，后期未引起海南凤仙花发生显著的膜脂过氧化损伤，表明其能长期适应不同光斑环境而不遭受氧化胁迫。研究表明海南凤仙花通过调节叶片结构和光合特性来适应不同光斑环境，在50%光斑环境下，可显著优化叶片解剖结构和光合性能，达到最佳的生长状态。该研究为海南凤仙花的引种驯化、人工繁育和种群恢复提供了关键的光照管理依据，同时为深入了解石灰岩林下植物光斑适应性及热带雨林中林下植物的保护与管理提供了重要的科学依据。

关键词： 光斑环境; 海南凤仙花; 气孔特征; 光合色素; 光合特性

本文引用格式

王云锦, 王晋, 杨璨华, 张金玲, 何紫玉 . 不同光斑环境对海南凤仙花叶片解剖结构及光合特性的影响[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2026 , 55(1) : 37 -48 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.01.004

Abstract

To investigate the response of the extremely small population species Impatiens hainanensis to different sunfleck environments, this study used six-month-old I. hainanensis as experimental materials. Based on the light environment thresholds of natural habitats, three treatments were established: 20% light transmission (control), 20% sunflecks, and 50% sunflecks environments. Growth parameters, leaf anatomical structure, and photosynthetic characteristics were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The sunflecks environments significantly promoted both plant height and crown width growth of I. hainanensis, while the ground diameter remained unaffected. (2) The 50% sunflecks environment notably increased stomatal density. (3) After 40 days of sunflecks treatment, the leaf structure of I. hainanensis under the 50% sunflecks environment exhibited superior leaf thickness and mesophyll tissue development compared to the 20% sunflecks area, while other structural indicators remained stable. (4) Prolonged exposure to the 50% sunflecks environment was more conducive to maintaining photosynthetic pigment content in I. hainanensis, particularly in promoting carotenoid accumulation. (5) Sustained exposure to the 50% sunflecks environment consistently and significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of I. hainanensis, demonstrating clear advantages in improving stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. (6) With the extension of sunflecks treatment duration, the MDA content exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease. In later stages, no significant membrane lipid peroxidation damage was observed in I. hainanensis, indicating its ability to adapt to various sunflecks environments over extended periods without suffering oxidative stress. Research indicates that I. hainanensis adapts to different sunflecks environments by regulating leaf structure and photosynthetic characteristics. Under 50% sunflecks exposure, it can significantly optimize leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic performance, achieving optimal growth status. This study provides critical illumination management guidelines for the introduction, domestication, artificial breeding, and population restoration of I. hainanensis. Simultaneously, it offers important scientific basis for in-depth understanding of sunflecks adaptation in limestone understory plants and the conservation and management of understory vegetation in tropical rainforests.

Key words： sunflecks environment; Impatiens hainanensis; stomatal characteristics; photosynthetic pigments; photosynthetic characteristics

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