大渡河枕头坝二级、沙坪坝一级水电站河段2019年浮游植物初步调查

靳 波, 张志明, 杨昌福, 覃智义, 李 明, 胡 俊, 池仕运

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.02.008

亚热带植物科学 >

2026 , Vol. 55 >Issue 2: 203 - 215

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.02.008

研究论文

大渡河枕头坝二级、沙坪坝一级水电站河段2019年浮游植物初步调查

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(1. 国能大渡河流域水电开发有限公司枕沙水电建设管理分公司，四川乐山 614000；2. 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所，湖北武汉 430079；3. 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司，贵州贵阳 550000；4. 湖北省标准化与质量研究院，湖北武汉 430071)

收稿日期: 2025-11-29

录用日期: 2026-01-23

网络出版日期: 2026-04-30

基金资助

区域创新发展联合基金(U21A2002)；国家自然科学基金(32202944)；大渡河公司枕头坝二级、沙坪一级水电站工程建设期水生生态、陆生生态调查报告编制及相关服务项目(ZTBⅡ(SPⅠ)-QT-[202]-015)

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Preliminary Investigation of Phytoplankton in the River Sections of Zhentouba Ⅱ and Shapingba Ⅰ Hydropower Stations in 2019

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(1. Zhen Sha Hydropower Construction and Management Branch, Dadu River Basin Hydropower Development Co., Ltd, China Energy, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan China; 2. Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, Hubei China; 3. Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited, Power China, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou China; 4. Hubei Institute of Standardization and Quality, Wuhan 430071, Hubei China)

Received date: 2025-11-29

Accepted date: 2026-01-23

Online published: 2026-04-30

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摘要

为刻画大渡河枕头坝二级、沙坪一级水电站施工前评价河段的浮游植物群落本底特征，为电站建成后的生态回顾性评价提供对比依据，于2019年7月（夏季）和10月（秋季）对深溪沟至龚嘴之间87.5 km干流及主要支流的浮游植物进行调查。通过布设18个采样站位，开展浮游植物定性定量采集，同步测定环境因子，结合PCoA、MRPP、dB-RDA等多元统计方法分析群落结构及影响因素。结果表明：评价区域共检出浮游植物7门68属148种，以硅藻门（76种，占51.35%）、绿藻门（47种，占31.76%）和蓝藻门（16种，占10.81%）为主；群落结构存在显著季节差异性（P＜0.001），夏季种类数（43种）显著少于秋季（124种），但平均密度（5.39×10⁵cells·L^–1）高于秋季（6.34×10⁴cells·L^–1）一个数量级；空间上，夏季干流浮游植物丰度（7.03×10⁵cells·L^–1）高于支流（3.55×10⁵cells·L^–1），秋季则支流（7.56×10⁴cells·L^–1）高于干流（5.36×10⁴cells·L^–1）；优势种呈现季节更替，夏季以小环藻、曲壳藻等硅藻为主，秋季蓝藻门、绿藻门优势度上升；dB-RDA分析显示，水温是驱动群落结构变化的主要环境因子，泥沙含量通过调控透明度间接影响浮游植物种类数与丰度。研究明确了评价河段浮游植物群落的本底特征及时空变异规律，揭示了关键环境影响因子，为梯级水电站建设后的生态保护与回顾性评价提供科学支撑。

关键词： 浮游植物; 大渡河; 群落结构; 环境因子; 梯级水电站

本文引用格式

靳波, 张志明, 杨昌福, 覃智义, 李明, 胡俊, 池仕运 . 大渡河枕头坝二级、沙坪坝一级水电站河段2019年浮游植物初步调查[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2026 , 55(2) : 203 -215 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.02.008

Abstract

To characterize the background characteristics of phytoplankton communities in the evaluation reaches prior to the construction of Zhentouba Ⅱ and Shapingba Ⅰ Hydropower Stations on the Dadu River, and to provide a comparative basis for the retrospective ecological evaluation after the stations completed, a systematic investigation of phytoplankton was conducted in July (summer) and October (autumn) in 2019. The study covered an 87.5 km mainstream section from Shenxigou to Gongzui and major tributaries, with 18 sampling stations established. Qualitative and quantitative collection of phytoplankton was carried out, and environmental factors were measured simultaneously. Multivariate statistical methods including Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP), and Distance-based Redundancy Analysis (dB-RDA) were used to analyze the community structure and influencing factors. The results showed that a total of 148 phytoplankton species belonging to 7 phyla and 68 genera were detected in the evaluation area, dominated by Bacillariophyta (76 species, accounting for 51.35%), Chlorophyta (47 species, 31.76%), and Cyanophyta (16 species, 10.81%). The community structure exhibited significant seasonal heterogeneity (P＜0.001): the number of species in summer (43 species) was significantly less than that in autumn (124 species), while the average density (5.39×10⁵cells·L^–1) was an order of magnitude higher than that in autumn (6.34×10⁴cells·L^–1). Spatially, the phytoplankton abundance in the mainstream (7.03×10⁵cells·L^–1) was higher than that in the tributaries (3.55×10⁵cells·L^–1) in summer, whereas the tributaries (7.56×10⁴cells·L^–1) had higher abundance than the mainstream (5.36×10⁴cells·L^–1) in autumn. The dominant species showed seasonal succession: diatoms such as Cyclotella sp. and Achnanthes sp. dominated in summer, while the dominance of Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta increased in autumn. dB-RDA analysis revealed that water temperature was the main environmental factor driving the changes in community structure, and sediment content indirectly affected the number of phytoplankton species and abundance by regulating transparency. This study clarified the background characteristics and spatio-temporal variation patterns of phytoplankton communities in the evaluation reaches, and identified the key environmental influencing factors, providing scientific support for ecological protection and retrospective evaluation after the construction of cascade hydropower stations.

Key words： phytoplankton; Dadu River; community structure; environmental factors; cascade hydropower station

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