通过花序标记、形态解剖及放蜂实验方法,观察不同发育时期爱玉子雌、雄花序中花的形态特征,以及花发育与小蜂传粉(或产卵)之间的相关性。结果表明,雌前期、雌花期的瘿花在形态上没有明显变化,而雌花的花柱与柱头连成长鞭状,在雌前期呈直立管状,进入雌花期后呈弯曲的S形;在榕小蜂进入花序传粉或产卵5 d后,雌花和瘿花的柱头变黄,花柱开始脱水;在榕小蜂传粉或产卵10 d后,雌花和瘿花花梗伸长,花明显分层,胚迅速发育,子房饱满,花柱和柱头明显萎蔫。传粉小蜂在花序腔内的存活时长不超过3 d。本研究为揭示榕-蜂共生机制提供科学依据。

The morphological traits of female and male flowers of Ficus awkeotsang in different development stages,as well as the correlation between the flower development and the pollination/parasitization of fig wasp were studied by syconia markering,morphology anatomizing and controlled experiment in this paper.The result showed that the gall-flowers in the pre-female phase and female phase had no significant change in morphology,but the style and stigma of the female flowers linked to a long whip,which presented an upright tubular in the pre-female phase and the S-shaped curve in the female phase.After pollination/parasitization five days,the stigma of female and gall flowers grown yellow,and the style became drying out.After pollination/parasitization ten days,the pedicel of female and gall flowers extended,the flowers were obviously hierarchical,embryos developed rapidly and ovaries were plump,but the style and stigma were evidently wilted.The longevity of pollinator in syconia was not more than three days.This experiment would be of great significance on revealing the fig-fig wasp symbiosis mechanism.