关键词: 五指毛桃, 栽培条件, 生长性状, 产量, 特征成分

Abstract: Taking tissue culture seedlings of Ficus hirta as test materials, the ecological cultivation of F. hirta was carried out under the mixed broad-leaved forest of Schima superba and Liquidambar formosana, and the effects of different plant spacing, different canopy closures, different slope positions, different soil types and different afforestation time on the growth characteristics and characteristic components of F. hirta were analyzed. The results showed that the plant spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm had significant difference in plant height, but there was no significant difference in crown width (east and west), and the fresh weight of underground part was 190.6 g. The canopy closures of 0.3–0.7 had significant differences on the plant height, ground diameter, crown width, leaf width and leaf length of F. hirta, and the fresh weight of underground part was 182.5 g, the content of psoralen was 115.86 μg·g^–1. There was a significant difference in plant height when going uphill, but no significant difference in crown width (north and south) and ground diameter, with the fresh weight of underground part 116.3 g, and the content of psoralen 279.25 μg·g^–1. The plant height, ground diameter and crown width in yellow sandy loam were significantly better, the fresh weight of underground part was 164.4 g, and the content of psoralen was 190.49 μg·g^–1. The plant height, ground diameter and crown width were significantly better from afforestation in spring while the fresh weight of underground part was 169.5 g. It is showed that the cultivation conditions of plant spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm, canopy density (0.3–0.7), uphill, and spring afforestation should be selected, under this cultivation condition, F. hirta grow robustly and had high yield and excellent quality.

Key words: Ficus hirta, cultivation conditions, growth traits, yield, characteristic components