河西地区水氮耦合下青贮玉米-土壤化学计量特征及其相关性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.03.008

亚热带植物科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 336-350.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.03.008

河西地区水氮耦合下青贮玉米-土壤化学计量特征及其相关性

李春宇，马维伟^*，朱牛，汪建芳，李广，吴江琪

(甘肃农业大学林学院，甘肃兰州 730070)

收稿日期:2025-12-07 接受日期:2026-02-11 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-06-30
通讯作者: 马维伟
基金资助:
甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2025CYZC-042)；中央引导地方科技发展基金项目(24ZYQA023)；甘肃省拔尖领军人才项目(GSBJLJ-2023-09)；甘肃省青年博士支持项目(2025QB-043)

Stoichiometric Characteristics and Correlations of Silage Maize-Soil under Water-Nitrogen Coupling in Hexi Corridor

LI Chun-yu, MA Wei-wei^*, ZHU Niu, WANG Jian-fang, LI Guang, WU Jiang-qi

(College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu China)

Received:2025-12-07 Accepted:2026-02-11 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-06-30
Contact: MA Wei-wei

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 河西走廊是西北地区饲草农业发展的重要基地。为探究河西地区青贮玉米在不同水肥条件下植物-土壤C、N、P化学计量特征及其影响因素，采用双因素水氮试验，在结合当地经验灌溉和施肥的基础上，分别设置3种施氮水平[0 (N0)、311 (N1)、280 (N2) kg·hm^–2]以及三个灌溉水平[6765 (W1)、6150 (W2)、5535 (W3) m³·hm^–2]。通过测定水氮耦合下玉米不同器官及土壤碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）元素含量，以及根、茎、叶干物质量、株高、茎粗、叶面积等农艺性状，土壤养分和微生物酶活性，研究不同处理下土壤-植物化学计量特征及其影响因素。结果表明，水氮耦合显著影响玉米生长， W2N2处理为综合最优水氮组合，该处理下玉米成熟期生物量达 414.64 g、株高 300.75 cm，叶片氮磷含量协调；土壤有机碳、全氮含量及脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性维持较高水平，实现作物高产与土壤健康的协同。植株叶片氮磷含量最高，植株N:P随生育期推进下降；土壤有机碳（SOC）、总氮（TN）在拔节期较高，酶活性受水氮处理调控；地上-地下相关性随生育期增强，拔节期和吐丝期最显著，在吐丝期，植株N:P与土壤N:P呈现极显著正相关关系，是整个生育期中两者关联最为紧密的关键阶段之一。

关键词: 水氮耦合, 土壤养分, 生育期, 化学计量特征

Abstract: The Hexi Corridor is a critical base for forage crop agriculture in northwestern China. In order to explore the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in plants and soil of silage maize under varying water and nitrogen conditions in the Hexi region, as well as their influencing factors, a two-factor water-nitrogen experiment was conducted. Based on local irrigation and fertilization practices, three nitrogen application levels (0 (N0), 311 (N1), and 280 (N2) kg·hm^–2) and three irrigation levels (6765 (W1), 6150 (W2), and 5535 (W3) m³·hm^–2) were established. The contents of C, N, and P in different maize organs and soil under water-nitrogen coupling were measured, along with agronomic traits such as dry matter mass of roots, stems, and leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, soil nutrients, and microbial enzyme activities. The stoichiometric characteristics of soil-plant systems and their influencing factors under different treatments were investigated. The results showed that water-nitrogen coupling significantly affected maize growth. The W3N2 treatment achieved the highest plant height at maturity (322.72 cm), while the W2N2 treatment produced the maximum biomass at maturity (414.64 g). Leaves exhibited the highest N and P contents, and plant N:P decreased as the growth period advanced. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were higher at the jointing stage, and enzyme activities were regulated by water-nitrogen treatments. The correlation between aboveground and belowground parts strengthened with growth progression, being most significant at the jointing and silking stages. At the silking stage, plant N:P showed a highly significant positive correlation with soil N:P, representing one of the key stages with the closest association between the two throughout the growth period. This study provides scientific support for the development of silage maize production in the Hexi Oasis, contributes to theoretical guidance for water-nitrogen resource-saving agriculture in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area, and offers references for water and fertilizer management of silage maize in arid regions.

Key words: water-nitrogen coupling, soil nutrients, growth stage, stoichiometric characteristics

李春宇, 马维伟, 朱牛, 汪建芳, 李广, 吴江琪. 河西地区水氮耦合下青贮玉米-土壤化学计量特征及其相关性[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2026, 55(3): 336-350.

LI Chun-yu, MA Wei-wei, ZHU Niu, WANG Jian-fang, LI Guang, WU Jiang-qi. Stoichiometric Characteristics and Correlations of Silage Maize-Soil under Water-Nitrogen Coupling in Hexi Corridor[J]. Subtropical Plant Science, 2026, 55(3): 336-350.

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河西地区水氮耦合下青贮玉米-土壤化学计量特征及其相关性

Stoichiometric Characteristics and Correlations of Silage Maize-Soil under Water-Nitrogen Coupling in Hexi Corridor

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