亚热带植物科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (3): 351-361.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2026.03.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

望春玉兰表型性状多样性研究

秦梦瑶1,王  晶2,李玉萍1,刘青发3,黄  杰4,王亚玲1*   

  1. (1. 海南大学热带农林学院 / 海南省热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海南 海口 570228;
    2.
    棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司,河南 郑州 450000;3. 豫兰(河南)生态科技有限公司,河南 南阳 474662;
    4.
    南召县林业发展服务中心,河南 南阳 474650)
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-25 接受日期:2026-05-30 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 王亚玲
  • 基金资助:
    海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2025XDNY071);中央财政林业草原改革发展资金(林业草原科技推广)项目(琼[2025]TG-5)

Study on Phenotypic Trait Diversity of Yulania biondii

QIN Meng-yao1, WANG Jing2, LI Yu-ping1, LIU Qing-fa3, HUANG Jie4, WANG Ya-ling1*   

  1. (1. College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forests and Ornamental Plants (Ministry of Education), Haikou 570228, Hainan China; 2. Palm Eco-Town Development Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, Henan China; 3. Yulan (Henan) Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Nanyang 474662, Henan China; 4. Nanzhao County Forestry Development Service Centre, Nanyang 474650, Henan China)
  • Received:2026-04-25 Accepted:2026-05-30 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-06-30
  • Contact: WANG Ya-ling

摘要: 为揭示望春玉兰Yulania biondii的表型多样性特征,本研究以175株12年生望春玉兰实生个体为材料,连续2年系统测定花、叶、果实等部位共33个表型性状,采用多样性指数、变异系数、主成分分析与聚类分析开展研究。结果表明:20个质量性状与假质量性状的多样性指数为0.26~1.52,多样性水平表现为花部最高、果实次之、叶部最低;13个数量性状的变异系数介于9.73%~24.45%,花梗长度、托叶痕长度、果实长度分别为各个部位中变异程度最高的性状。数量性状相关性分析显示19对性状组合达显著或极显著相关;主成分分析提取12个主成分,累计贡献率达73.01%,前3个主成分依次体现花部形态与颜色、叶片形态、花丝颜色等性状的变异特征;Q型聚类将175株植株划分为7个类群,明确萼片状花被片存在与否、花瓣状花被片数量与颜色、外轮花瓣状花被片姿态及花型、叶型为种质分类的核心指标。望春玉兰实生群体表型多样性丰富,本研究结果可为其种质资源保护、评价及优异单株筛选提供科学依据。

关键词: 望春玉兰, 表型性状, 多样性, 聚类分析

Abstract:

In order to reveal the phenotypic diversity characteristics of Yulania biondii, this study selected 175 twelve-year-old seed-grown individuals as materials, systematically determined 33 phenotypic traits of flowers, leaves and fruits for two consecutive years, and carried out research adopting diversity index, coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the diversity indices of 20 qualitative and pseudo-qualitative traits ranged from 0.26 to 1.52, with floral traits having the highest diversity level, followed by fruit traits and leaf traits; the coefficients of variation of 13 quantitative traits were 9.73% to 24.45%, and pedicel length, stipule scar length and fruit length were the traits with the highest variation degree in corresponding parts respectively. Correlation analysis of quantitative traits showed that 19 trait combinations were significantly or extremely significantly correlated. Twelve principal components were extracted with a cumulative contribution rate of 73.01%, and the first three principal components respectively reflected the variation characteristics of floral morphology and color, leaf morphology and filament color. Q-mode cluster analysis classified 175 Y. biondii individuals into 7 groups. It confirmed that the presence or absence of sepaloid tepals, the quantity and color of petaloid tepals, the posture of outer whorl petaloid tepals, flower shape and leaf shape were the core indicators for the classification of Y. biondii germplasm resources. The seed-grown population of Y. biondii exhibits rich phenotypic diversity, and the research results can provide a scientific basis for germplasm conservation, evaluation and superior individual selection.

Key words: Yulania biondii, phenotypic traits, diversity, cluster analysis

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