亚热带植物科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 636-644.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.06.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

陇中旱区水氮调控对膜下滴灌马铃薯产量及水氮利用效率的影响

  1, 张娟宁2,白有帅3*,陈  莉1,康明蛟1   

  1. (1. 定西市农产品质量安全监测检测站,甘肃 定西 7430002. 定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃 定西 7430003. 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,甘肃 兰州 730070)
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-31 接受日期:2025-09-08 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2025-12-31
  • 通讯作者: 白有帅
  • 基金资助:
    定西市科技项目(DX2024BY008)

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation under Mulch Drip Irrigation on Potato Yield and Water-Nitrogen Use Efficiency in the Arid Area of Central Gansu

WANG Fang1, ZHANG Juan-ning2, BAI You-shuai3*, CHEN Li1, KANG Ming-jiao1   

  1. (1. Dingxi City Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Monitoring and Testing Station, Dingxi 743000, Gansu China; 2. Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi 743000, Gansu China; 3. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu China)
  • Received:2025-07-31 Accepted:2025-09-08 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2025-12-31
  • Contact: BAI You-shuai

摘要: 针对甘肃陇中旱区降雨量少、水肥管理粗放、马铃薯增产受限等问题,基于滴灌条件下,设置不同灌水水平(W1,15 mm;W2,24 mm;W3,33 mm;W4,42 mm)和施氮水平(N1,150 kg·hm–2;N2,210 kg·hm–2;N3,270 kg·hm–2),探究不同灌水量和施氮量对土壤贮水量、马铃薯耗水量、产量、商品薯率及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,灌水量的增加有利于提高土壤贮水量及马铃薯阶段耗水量、总耗水量。马铃薯产量随灌水量增加呈先增加后降低趋势,随施氮量增加呈增加趋势。W3N3处理产量最大,较其他处理呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。马铃薯商品薯率随灌水量增加呈先增加后降低趋势,随施氮量增加呈增加趋势。W3N3处理商品薯率达86.79%,显著高于其他各处理。W3N3产量、商品薯率及水分利用效率最大,但氮肥偏生产力相对降低。基于TOPSIS综合效应评价,认为陇中旱区马铃薯最优的滴灌灌溉定额和施氮量分别是330 mm和270 kg·hm–2

关键词: 马铃薯, 水氮调控, 产量, 水氮利用效率, TOPSIS

Abstract: To address the constraints of potato production caused by insufficient rainfall and extensive water-fertilizer management in the arid area of central Gansu, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of coupled water and nitrogen application under drip irrigation on potato growth and resource utilization. The experiment included four irrigation levels (W1, 15 mm; W2, 24 mm; W3, 33 mm; W4, 42 mm) and three nitrogen application rates (N1, 150 kg·hm–2; N2, 210 kg·hm–2; N3, 270 kg·hm–2), forming 12 treatments. The results showed that an increase in irrigation amount was beneficial to the increase of soil water storage, stage water consumption and total water consumption of potatoes. The potato yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The W3N3 treatment had the highest yield, which was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05). From the analysis of the commercial potato rate of potatoes, it increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The commercial potato rate of the W3N3 treatment reached 86.79%, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The W3N3 treatment had the highest yield, commercial potato rate and water use efficiency, but the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was relatively low. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of potato yield, commercial potato rate and water and nitrogen use efficiency by the TOPSIS method, considering the local rainfall, water-saving and high-yield production and commercial attributes, it is believed that the optimal drip irrigation quota and nitrogen application rate for potatoes in arid area of central Gansu are 330 mm and 270 kg·hm–2, respectively. This study will provide important theoretical basis and technical guidance for water-saving and high-yield cultivation of potatoes in the arid area of central Gansu Province.

Key words: potato, water and nitrogen regulation, yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency, TOPSIS method

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