尖峰岭地区极小种群野生植物闽粤苏铁种群结构特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.06.009

亚热带植物科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 672-681.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.06.009

尖峰岭地区极小种群野生植物闽粤苏铁种群结构特征

苏红华¹，李自力¹，罗文¹，谢春平^2*，苏海峰¹，罗长安¹

(1. 海南热带雨林国家公园管理局尖峰岭分局，海南乐东 572542；2. 琼台师范学院热带生物多样性与资源利用实验室，
海南海口 571127)

收稿日期:2025-09-07 接受日期:2025-10-20 出版日期:2025-12-31 发布日期:2025-12-31
通讯作者: 谢春平
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金(725RC789)；海南国家公园研究院科研项目(KY-23ZK10)

Population Structure Characteristics of Cycas taiwaniana, an Extremely Small Population Wild Plant in Jianfengling Area

SU Hong-hua¹, LI Zi-li¹, LUO Wen¹, XIE Chun-ping^2*, SU Hai-feng¹, LUO Chang-an¹

(1. Jianfengling Branch of Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park Administation, Ledong 572542, Hainan China; 2. Tropical Biodiversity and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou 571127, Hainan China)

Received:2025-09-07 Accepted:2025-10-20 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2025-12-31
Contact: XIE Chun-ping

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 闽粤苏铁Cycas taiwaniana作为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生植物，在海南岛原产地因人类活动干扰和生境破碎化导致种群数量急剧下降，亟需开展针对性保护研究。本研究旨在揭示尖峰岭地区闽粤苏铁种群的分布格局、结构特征及动态规律，为其就地保护和可持续管理提供科学依据。通过野外踏查与种群生态学分析，系统调查了海南热带雨林国家公园尖峰岭片区闽粤苏铁的种群分布，以茎高划分年龄结构，编制静态生命表，结合种群动态指数和时间序列预测法，分析种群年龄结构、存活特征及发展趋势。结果表明，尖峰岭地区闽粤苏铁种群呈斑块状分布，调查到个体总数504株，主要集中于海拔300～499 m、坡度16°～25°的阳坡次生林下及河沟旁，偏好低海拔、适度斜坡及中坡位阳坡生境；种群年龄结构呈纺锤形，中龄级(Ⅲ、Ⅳ龄级)个体占50.8%，低龄级、高龄级个体分别占46.0%、3.2%，显示幼体补充不足和高龄个体稀缺；静态生命表显示，幼苗阶段死亡率高，成熟个体存活压力大，期望寿命从4.44年降至0.50年；种群动态指数(Vpi=14.74%，Vpi′=0.61%)显示种群整体趋于稳定，但外界干扰显著抑制增长，时间序列预测表明该种群未来存在衰退风险。综上，尖峰岭地区闽粤苏铁种群面临早期高死亡率和后期衰退风险，整体稳定性脆弱。据此提出生境修复、人工繁育、遗传保护及社会管理等综合保护措施，以改善种群结构和生境条件，为闽粤苏铁就地保护和可持续管理提供科学支撑。

关键词: 闽粤苏铁, 分布特征, 数量动态, 存活曲线, 时间序列预测

Abstract: Cycas taiwaniana, a national Class I key protected wild plant in China, has experienced a sharp population decline in its native Hainan Island due to human disturbance and habitat fragmentation, necessitating urgent conservation efforts. This study aims to investigate the distribution, structure, and dynamics of C. taiwaniana populations in Jianfengling area to provide a scientific basis for its in-situ conservation and sustainable management. Through field surveys and population ecological analysis, we systematically investigated the population distribution of C. taiwaniana in the Jianfengling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, classified age structures based on stem height, constructed static life tables, and applied population dynamics indices and time-series forecasting to analyze age structure, survival characteristics, and future development trends of the population. The results showed that the C. taiwaniana population in Jianfengling exhibited a patchy distribution, with a total of 504 individuals measured. They were mainly concentrated in sunny secondary forests or along riverbanks at elevations of 300–499 m and slopes of 16°–25°, showing a preference for low-altitude, moderately sloped, and mid-slope sunny habitats. The age structure was spindle-shaped, with mid-age classes (III and IV) comprising 50.8% of individuals, while young and old age classes accounted for 46.0% and 3.2%, respectively, indicating insufficient juvenile recruitment and scarcity of older individuals. The static life table revealed high seedling mortality and significant survival pressure on mature individuals, with life expectancy decreasing from 4.44 years to 0.50 years. Population dynamics indices (Ⅴpi=14.74%, Ⅴpi′=0.61%) suggested overall stability, but external disturbances significantly suppressed growth, and time-series forecasting indicated a future risk of decline. The C. taiwaniana population faces high early mortality and a risk of later decline, with overall stability being fragile; integrated conservation strategies, including habitat restoration, artificial propagation, genetic conservation, and community-based management, are proposed to improve population structure and habitat conditions, supporting its in-situ conservation and sustainable management.

Key words: Cycas taiwaniana, distribution characteristics, quantitative dynamics, survival curve, time series forecasting

中图分类号:

Q948

苏红华, 李自力, 罗文, 谢春平, 苏海峰, 罗长安. 尖峰岭地区极小种群野生植物闽粤苏铁种群结构特征[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2025, 54(6): 672-681.

SU Hong-hua, LI Zi-li, LUO Wen, XIE Chun-ping, SU Hai-feng, LUO Chang-an. Population Structure Characteristics of Cycas taiwaniana, an Extremely Small Population Wild Plant in Jianfengling Area[J]. Subtropical Plant Science, 2025, 54(6): 672-681.

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尖峰岭地区极小种群野生植物闽粤苏铁种群结构特征

Population Structure Characteristics of Cycas taiwaniana, an Extremely Small Population Wild Plant in Jianfengling Area

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