关键词: 姜黄属, 花卉, 因子分析, 聚类, 表型性状

Abstract: According to the breeding objectives of Curcuma flowers, 11 quantitative characters and 7 quality traits of 16 turmeric plants were evaluated by factor and cluster analysis. The results showed that the phenotypic characters of Curcuma plants were complex and changeable. The coefficient of variation of quantitative characters of tested materials ranged from 26.70% to 95.44%. The leaf main vein was green, the upper bract was lotus root pink or rose red, the halo was green, the flower lip was purple and the flag petal was white, which were typical phenotypic traits of Curcuma. Principal component analysis showed that 9 important ornamental characters were attributed to 3 principal components. According to the principal components of phenotypic traits, 16 accessions were clustered into three groups. The 11 varieties in group I were all Curcuma alismatifolia. Among them, the upper bract area of ‘Chiang Mai Pink’ was the largest, and the ornamental value was the most prominent, but the plant type was small. Among the 4 varieties in group II, the flower type and color were very characteristic, the plant type was larger and the resistance was stronger, and Curcuma soloensis was the best. In the third group, the growth of Curcuma petiolata was the strongest. Cross breeding among the three groups was expected to produce both ornamental and growth potential progeny.

Key words: Curcuma, flowers, factor analysis, clustering, phenotypic traits