Abstract: To improve the planting quality of coastal difficult green spaces, microbial fertilizers were used to promote seedling growth and improve soil. Four treatments were set up: organic fertilizer+compound fertilizer (traditional fertilization, CK), solid microbial inoculants+compound fertilizer (T1), solid microbial inoculants+ liquid microbial inoculants+humic acid water-soluble fertilizer (T2), and solid microbial inoculants+compound microbial fertilizer (T3). The effects of microbial fertilizer application on Bischofia javanica seedling growth, root activity, salt ion content, and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed. The results showed that after 6 months of transplanting, the application of microbial fertilizers significantly promoted seedling growth, improved soil physicochemical properties, and inhibited soil salinization, with a survival rate of 100%. In contrast, the survival rate of seedlings with traditional fertilization was only 80%, with leaf curling and wilting, a tendency for top baldness, and salt damage characteristics. Compared with CK, the number of new shoots, root activity, and chlorophyll SPAD of microbial fertilizers increased by 9.7%–34.8%, 26.2%–49.6%, and 6.9%–14.0%, respectively. Treatment T2 had the best effect, followed by T3 and T1. Treatment T2 significantly increased the total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, and organic matter content in the soil, and regulated soil pH. After 6 months of transplanting, the chloride ion (Cl^–) and sodium ion (Na⁺) content in the upper layer of the soil (0–30 cm) was higher than that in the lower layer (30–60 cm), showing characteristics of salinization. There was no significant difference in sodium ion (Na⁺) content among the treatments. Treatment T3 had the most significant effect on inhibiting chloride ion (Cl^–) content, followed by T1 and T2. In summary, the application of microbial fertilizers can promote root growth and new shoot development of transplanting seedlings, increase seedling survival rates, and improve soil fertility. The best effect was achieved with the application of solid microbial inoculants+liquid microbial inoculants+humic acid water-soluble fertilizer. For inhibiting soil salinization, the best effect was achieved with the application of solid microbial inoculants + compound microbial fertilizer.

Key words: coastal challenging green spaces, Bischofia javanica, microbial fertilizer, saline-alkalilands, salt re-accumulation, soil improvement

摘要： 为了提高滨海困难绿地种植质量，采用微生物肥料进行苗木促生和土壤改良研究。设置有机肥+复合肥（传统施肥，CK)、固体微生物菌剂+复合肥（T1）、固体微生物菌剂+液体微生物菌剂+腐植酸水溶肥（T2）和固体微生物菌剂+复合微生物肥（T3）等4个处理，探讨施用微生物肥料对秋枫Bischofia javanica苗木长势、根系活力、盐离子含量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，移栽6个月后，施用微生物肥料苗木成活率达100%，且长势良好；而传统施肥的苗木成活率仅80%，且叶片卷曲萎蔫，有顶端秃尖趋势，呈现盐害特征。与CK相比，微生物肥料处理的苗木新芽数、根系活力、叶绿素SPAD分别提高9.7%～34.8%、26.2%～49.6%、6.9%～14.0%，且T2处理效果最好，其次是处理T3、T1；处理T2可显著提升土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效钾和有机质含量，调节土壤酸碱度。移栽6个月后，土壤上层（0～30 cm）的氯离子（Cl^–）和钠离子（Na⁺）含量高于下层（30～60 cm），呈现返盐特点，微生物肥处理Na⁺含量差异不显著，处理T3对抑制 Cl^–含量效果最显著，其次是处理T1、T2。综上所述，施用微生物肥料可提高苗木成活率，促进新种苗木生根、新芽生长，改良土壤肥力，以施用固体微生物菌剂+液体微生物菌剂+腐植酸水溶肥效果较佳；对于抑制土壤返盐功效，以施用固体微生物菌剂+复合微生物肥效果较优。

关键词: 滨海困难绿地, 秋枫, 微生物肥料, 盐碱地, 返盐, 土壤改良