Abstract: In order to determine the optimal application concentration of residual sludge in oilseed crop production, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different residual sludge concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on the growth, physiological characteristics, yield, and quality of rapeseed and sunflower, while also assessing environmental risks. Results indicated that increasing residual sludge concentration significantly elevated soil organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, while slightly decreasing soil pH and markedly increasing electrical conductivity. Total and available forms of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in soil increased, though none exceeded national agricultural safety standards. Crop physiological indicators exhibited a pronounced dose-response effect to residual sludge concentration. At the 75% treatment level, rapeseed and sunflower exhibited the highest chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant enzyme activity, along with the lowest malondialdehyde content. Correspondingly, crop growth and yield significantly increased, with per-plant yields of rapeseed and sunflower increasing by 62.9% and 37.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Oil and protein content in seeds also increased simultaneously. Comprehensive analysis indicates that under the experimental conditions, a 75% residual sludge concentration ratio enhances oilseed crop yield and quality while maintaining controllable environmental risks. This concentration is thus considered an appropriate application level for residual sludge resource utilization in oilseed crop production.

Key words: residual sludge, oil crops, photosynthetic traits, stress-resistant physiology, yield and quality, resource utilization

摘要： 为明确剩余污泥在油料作物生产中的适宜施用浓度，采用盆栽试验研究不同浓度剩余污泥（0%、25%、50%、75%和100%）对油菜和油葵生长、生理特性、产量及品质的影响，并评估其环境风险。结果表明，随剩余污泥浓度比例增加，土壤有机质及速效氮、磷、钾含量显著提高，土壤pH略有下降，电导率显著升高；土壤Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的总量及有效态含量均有所增加，但均未超过国家农用污泥相关安全标准限值。作物生理指标对剩余污泥浓度表现出明显的剂量效应，其中75%处理下油菜和油葵叶绿素含量、净光合速率及抗氧化酶活性最高，丙二醛含量最低；作物生长和产量显著提高，油菜和油葵单株产量分别较对照提高62.9%和37.9%，籽粒含油量和蛋白质含量同步提升。综合分析认为，在本试验条件下，75%剩余污泥浓度比例在提高油料作物产量和品质的同时，环境风险处于可接受范围内，可作为油料作物生产中剩余污泥资源化利用的适宜施用水平。

关键词: 剩余污泥, 油料作物, 光合特性, 抗逆生理, 产量品质, 资源化利用