关键词: 粗叶榕, 提取, 成分含量, 细胞增殖毒性

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the variation in active compound content across different parts of Ficus hirta and evaluate their effects on cell proliferation. Active constituents were extracted from the roots, leaves, and fruits, as well as from the root bark and xylem, using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat glioma C6 cells in response to the extracts was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. Results showed that the extraction yields followed the order: fruit (26.80%) > leaf (18.63%) > root (11.27%). The root extract contained higher levels of polysaccharides (73.85 mg·g^–1), polyphenols (151.51 mg·g^–1), and psoralen (38.61 mg·g^–1) compared to the leaf and fruit extracts. The leaf extract exhibited relatively high flavonoids (81.72 mg·g^–1) and polyphenols (146.97 mg·g^–1) contents, whereas the fruit extract had lower levels of all tested bioactive compounds. The xylem extract of the roots contains higher levels of flavonoids and polyphenols compared to the root bark, whereas the polysaccharide content is lower in the xylem than those in the root bark. No significant difference in psoralen content was observed between the two tissues. At low concentration (150 μg·mL^–1), root and fruit extracts promoted the proliferation of both HUVECs and C6 cells. However, with increasing concentrations, all extracts (root, leaf, and fruit) exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects. The IC₅₀ values were 689, 1529, and 1152 μg·mL^–1 for HUVECs, and 512, 559, and 1503 μg·mL^–1 for C6 cells, respectively. These findings suggest that root and fruit extracts of F. hirta are non-cytotoxic at low concentrations but may exert cytotoxic effects at higher doses. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the breeding, utilization, and safety evaluation of F. hirta.

Key words: Ficus hirta, extraction, component content, cell toxicity