Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the variation in active compound content across different parts of Ficus hirta and evaluate their effects on cell proliferation. Active constituents were extracted from the roots, leaves, and fruits, as well as from the root bark and xylem, using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat glioma C6 cells in response to the extracts was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. Results showed that the extraction yields followed the order: fruit (26.80%) > leaf (18.63%) > root (11.27%). The root extract contained higher levels of polysaccharides (73.85 mg·g^–1), polyphenols (151.51 mg·g^–1), and psoralen (38.61 mg·g^–1) compared to the leaf and fruit extracts. The leaf extract exhibited relatively high flavonoids (81.72 mg·g^–1) and polyphenols (146.97 mg·g^–1) contents, whereas the fruit extract had lower levels of all tested bioactive compounds. The xylem extract of the roots contains higher levels of flavonoids and polyphenols compared to the root bark, whereas the polysaccharide content is lower in the xylem than those in the root bark. No significant difference in psoralen content was observed between the two tissues. At low concentration (150 μg·mL^–1), root and fruit extracts promoted the proliferation of both HUVECs and C6 cells. However, with increasing concentrations, all extracts (root, leaf, and fruit) exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory effects. The IC₅₀ values were 689, 1529, and 1152 μg·mL^–1 for HUVECs, and 512, 559, and 1503 μg·mL^–1 for C6 cells, respectively. These findings suggest that root and fruit extracts of F. hirta are non-cytotoxic at low concentrations but may exert cytotoxic effects at higher doses. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the breeding, utilization, and safety evaluation of F. hirta.

Key words: Ficus hirta, extraction, component content, cell toxicity

摘要： 为探究粗叶榕Ficus hirta不同部位活性成分含量的差异及其对细胞增殖的影响，以九指粗叶榕为试材，通过超声辅助萃取，分别从其根、叶、果及根的根皮和木质部提取活性成分，并采用CCK-8法检测其对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)和大鼠胶质瘤细胞(C6)增殖的影响。结果表明：(1) 果实活性成分提取率(26.80%)＞叶(18.63%)＞根(11.27%)；根的提取物中多糖(73.85 mg·g^–1)、多酚(151.51 mg·g^–1)、补骨脂素(38.61 mg·g^–1)含量均高于叶和果；叶的提取物中黄酮含量(81.72 mg·g^–1)和多酚(146.97 mg·g^–1)较高；果的提取物中主要活性成分含量均低于根和叶；根木质部提取物中黄酮和多酚含量高于根皮，多糖含量小于根皮，两处的补骨脂素含量无明显差异。(2) 根和果的提取物在低浓度(150 μg·mL^–1)下，对HUVECs和C6细胞增殖具有促进作用，但随着浓度逐渐增大，根、叶、果提取物对HUVECs和C6细胞的抑制作用与浓度呈正相关，根、叶、果提取物对HUVECs细胞IC₅₀分别为689、1529、1152 μg·mL^–1，对C6细胞IC₅₀分别为512、559、1503 μg·mL^–1。表明在正常低剂量使用范围内，九指粗叶榕的根、叶和果提取物对HUVECs和C6细胞无毒害作用，但高浓度可能具有毒害作用。研究结果为粗叶榕的种质筛选、开发利用及安全性评价提供理论依据。

关键词: 粗叶榕, 提取, 成分含量, 细胞增殖毒性