Abstract: In this study, wild Ficus stenophylla from Shaoguan, Guangdong, was used as materials. The contents of total saponins, total flavonoids, total phenols, and total coumarins in its roots, stems, and leaves were determined. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technology was used for widely targeted metabolomics analysis. Multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used for data processing. The enrichment pathways of differential metabolites were analyzed based on KEGG. The results showed that the leaves exhibited the highest contents of total saponins, total flavonoids, and polyphenols, with values of 44.71, 25.70 and 12.40 mg·g^–1, respectively. The highest total coumarin content was observed in the stem (2.30 µg·g^–1). The metabolite profiles in the roots, stems, and leaves of F. stenophylla were distinctly differentiated. A total of 953 metabolites across 19 categories were identified from these samples, with 224 differential metabolites being screened. The differential metabolites, which were predominantly composed of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and phenols, were significantly upregulated in the stems and leaves. Twenty-three common differential metabolites were identified across the three groups, predominantly comprising flavonoids. Notably, flavonoids such as rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, (+)-epicatechin, and astragaloside may be served as key metabolites for distinguishing the different parts of wild F. stenophylla. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that these differential metabolites were primarily involved in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. This study elucidated the bioactive components and metabolite composition of various parts of F. stenophylla, providing a valuable reference for exploring and fully utilizing key metabolites and functional components in this species.

Key words: Ficus stenophylla, UPLC-MS/MS, widely targeted metabolomics, metabolic pathways, bioactive components, differential metabolite

摘要： 以广东韶关地区野生竹叶榕Ficus stenophylla为材料，测定其根、茎、叶的总皂苷、总黄酮、总酚和总香豆素含量，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术进行广泛靶向代谢组学分析，利用主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析法(OPLS-DA)等多元统计方法进行数据处理，并基于KEGG分析差异代谢物的富集通路。结果表明，叶总皂苷、总黄酮和总酚含量最高，分别为44.71、25.70和12.40 mg·g^–1；茎总香豆素含量最高，为2.30 µg·g^–1。竹叶榕不同部位代谢物组成得到有效区分，共鉴定出19类953个代谢物，筛选出224个差异代谢物，主要为生物碱类、黄酮类、萜类和酚类，且在茎和叶中显著上调。其中根、茎、叶共有的差异代谢物23个，以黄酮类为主，其中芦丁、异槲皮苷和紫云英苷等黄酮类化合物可作为鉴别竹叶榕不同部位的关键代谢物。KEGG富集分析显示，这些差异代谢物主要与代谢途径、次生代谢物生物合成、黄酮类生物合成等相关。研究结果揭示了竹叶榕不同部位活性成分与代谢物组成的差异，为深入挖掘和充分利用竹叶榕不同部位关键代谢物及功能成分提供依据。

关键词: 竹叶榕, UPLC-MS/MS, 代谢通路, 广泛靶向代谢组学, 生物活性成分, 差异代谢物