Abstract: Urban trees are an important part of urban green spaces and play important ecological functions. Wood decay fungi are one of the important threats to the health of urban trees. The occurrence of wood decay fungi in urban trees not only directly causes tree growth decline and affects the landscape, but also poses potential threats to personal and property safety due to tree decay and failure. Therefore, investigation and diagnosis of wood decay fungi have become an important part of tree risk assessment. This paper conducts a relatively systematic and comprehensive review from the aspects of domestic and foreign wood decay fungi resources investigation and diagnostic technology in urban trees. Wood decay fungi have been studied abroad for more than 200 years, but the main focus has been on research into the classification, decay mechanisms, and their role in tree risk assessment. Over the past 30 years, China has made considerable progress in research on wood decay fungi, with much of the focus on the diversity of large fungi in forest ecosystems and the systematic study of the taxonomic status of important fungal groups. Some advanced instruments such as tree radar and stress wave detection have been applied in diagnosing wood decay fungi, helping to assess the extent of decay and related risks and providing crucial technical support for the protection and management of urban trees. With the development of molecular biology, novel molecular detection techniques such as DNA barcoding, real-time PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification have been widely applied, significantly improving the rapid diagnostic capabilities of wood decay fungi compared to traditional morphological identification methods. This paper aims to provide a reference for the identification and early diagnosis of wood decay fungi.

Key words: urban trees, wood decay fungi, tree risk assessment, investigation, diagnosis

摘要： 木腐菌是园林树木健康的重要威胁因素之一，其为害不仅直接导致树木生长衰退和影响景观，而且还因造成树木腐朽倒伏给城市生活带来潜在威胁，因此木腐菌调查和诊断研究成为树木风险评估工作的重要部分。本文从国内外园林树木木腐菌资源调查和诊断技术两方面进行较为系统、全面的综述。国外研究木腐菌的历史已有200多年，但主要侧重于木腐菌的分类、腐朽机理以及木腐菌在树木风险评估中的作用等研究。近30年来，我国在木腐菌上的研究成果丰硕，但关注点多在森林生态系统中的大型真菌多样性及木腐菌重要类群系统分类研究。在诊断技术方面，树木雷达、应力波检测等先进仪器在木腐菌的诊断中得到应用，用以评估树木腐朽程度与风险，为城市园林树木保护和管理提供重要技术支持。随着分子生物学发展，DNA条形码技术、实时PCR、等温扩增等新型分子检测技术被广泛应用，相比传统的形态学鉴定方法，这些分子技术显著提高木腐菌的快速诊断能力。本综述以期为园林树木木腐菌识别和早期诊断提供参考。

关键词: 园林树木, 木腐菌, 树木风险评估, 调查, 诊断