Abstract: Transposons are mobile DNA molecules existing in genomes of many organisms.The transposons superfamilies of higher plants were introduced including LTR retrotransposons, hAT, CACTA elements, Mutator and MULEs, Tcl/mariner, miniature inverted repeat transposons MITEs and so on.Moreover, the transposon tags systems of plants and their selection methods, the application of transposons on the analysis of diversity and genetic linkages, the study of plant genomics and the modification of plant characters were also summarized in this paper.

Key words: transposon, superfamily, genome, biodiversity, modification of plant characters

摘要： 转座子是广泛存在于高等植物基因组中的可移动的DNA分子。文中主要介绍高等植物的各种转座子超家族,包括LTR类反转录转座子、hAT、CACTA因子、Mutator和MULEs、Tcl/mariner、微小反向重复转座子MITEs等;另外还阐述了植物转座子标签体系和筛选方法,以及转座子在生物多样性与遗传连锁分析、植物基因组学研究与植物性状改良方面中的应用。

关键词: 转座子, 超家族, 基因组, 生物多样性, 植物性状改良