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27 June 2019, Volume 48 Issue 02 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Plant physiology
Plant ecology, resources and taxonomy
Plant protection and tissue culture
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Plant physiology

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Cloning and Structural analysis of Zygote Expressed Gene NtZE1 in Nicotiana tabacum LUO An, ZUO Zi-yi, JIAO Xiong, LIU Xia 2019, 48(02): 103-108.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (727KB) ( )   In this study, an EST of NtZE1 gene that was differently expressed in zygote and egg cell of Nicotiana tabacum was obtained from cDNA subtraction library. The EST contained a 315 bp CDS sequence (Coding sequence) which could be cloned by RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that NtZE1 gene encoded 1074 amino acids, and NtZE1 was hydrophilic and instable, probably located in cell extracellular space, and had a signal peptide. By using genome walking technique, 2578 bp 5’ franking sequence (promoter and 5’ UTR) before ATG start codon was obtained. The 5’ franking sequence was connected into the EGFP nuclear localization vector, which was then injected into the leaf epidermal cells of N. benthamiana by transient expression technology. As obvious green fluorescence could be observed in the epidermal cells, the gene expression activity of the 5’ franking sequence was certified. This study had established a foundation for future research on NtZE1 gene function in tobacco zygote development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation of Physiological Indices of Casuarina equisetifolia Seedlings under PEG Simulated Drought Conditions LU Ya-li, WU Yang-xi, CHEN Hong-yue 2019, 48(02): 109-113.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (386KB) ( )   The two month old seedlings of 15 families of Casuarina equisetifolia were treated with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol-6000(PEG-6000) to study the changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and proline content. Results indicated that MDA content of seedling leaves of each family increased with the increase of stress intensity after drought stress treatment, but the increase rate of each family was quite different. The SOD activity of each family was different under different drought stress levels, and showed different capacity response to drought resistance. With the severe stress treatment, except the Yue-hybrid, the proline content of other families increased significantly compared with control. The comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance by principal component analysis showed that MDA content was the most important index reflecting water stress. Based on comprehensive analysis, the drought-resistance of 701, Pu2, Kang3, Hui2, Nanshan7, Dongshan2 were strong, the drought-resistance of Dongshanduan, 601, 59, A13 were middle, but the drought-resistance of Yue-hybrid, Kang1, Long4, Ping5 were weak. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Composition and Antioxidization Effect of Callisia repens Extracts LENG Bo, CAI Shao-ru, LI Xiu-min, HUANG Jia-fu, XUE Yu, LIN Zhi-chao, CHEN Wen-song, LI Chun-xian, PAN Yu-tian 2019, 48(02): 114-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (428KB) ( )   To study the main active ingredients and antioxidant activity in vitro of extracts from Callisia repens, the contents of main active ingredients such as total flavonoids, total anthocyanin and total sugar in the extracts were studied by spectrophotometry. The composition and content of various metals were determined by ICP-MS mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by spectrophotometry. Results showed that the content of flavonoids, the total protein, the total sugar and the total anthocyanin in C. repens extract powder were 2.04%, 1.83%, 55.2% and 7.2%, respectively. Ca, Mn, Mg and other beneficial trace elements in C. repens extracts were higher, while Pb, Hg, Ag, Co, Ge and other harmful heavy metals were detected very tiny or not at all. The IC50 of C. repens extracts was 0.265 mg·mL-1 for DPPH·, 1.16 mg·mL-1 for ·OH, the total reducing power of 1 mg extracts was equal to 39 μg Vc, and extracts showed no regular chelating power to ferrous ions. C. repens extract had good reducibility and antioxidant activity and its antioxidant activity was affected by a variety of active factors through a synergistic mechanism. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant ecology, resources and taxonomy

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The Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Viola diffusa and V. principis LIN Xiong-ping, YAO Xiao-fang, PENG Biao, ZHOU Feng-fang 2019, 48(02): 119-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (380KB) ( )   Polysaccharides of Viola diffusa and V. principis were extracted by ethanol precipitation and antimicrobial and antioxidant tests were carried out respectively. The results showed that the extraction rate of V. diffusa and V. principis polysaccharide was 7.0% and 8.3% respectively. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides extracted by ethanol precipitation with different multiple volumes were different. Antibacterial experiment indicated that the inhibition zone of V. diffusa polysaccharide to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis reached 8.46 mm and 8.59 mm, while those of V. principis were 9.13 mm. However, neither of the two violets showed inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The antioxidant evaluation suggested that antioxidant activity of polysaccharide of V. diffusa was 243.64 U·mL-1, while the antioxidant activity of V. principis was 411.78 U·mL-1. Thus V. principis was significantly stronger than V. diffusa in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities (P<0.01). In general, there was a certain anti-oxidative activity of polysaccharide of V. diffusa and V. principis, therefore, both of them could be used as a resource of medicinal and edible plant for development and utilization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Water Use Efficiency and Leaf Nutrient Contents of Plants in Jungle Rubber Agroforestry System ZENG Huan-huan, WU Jun-en, LIU Wen-jie 2019, 48(02): 125-133.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (761KB) ( )   Jungle rubber is a rubber agroforestry ecosystem based on tropical rainforest structure that conforms to the thought of sustainable development rubber garden and has great potential applications, but the competition among plants for water and nutrients in jungle rubber is not clear. For these reasons we measured leaf δ13C, carbon(C), nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) contents of Hevea brasiliensis as well as the dominant species in jungle rubber and one rubber monoculture which is located at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden in Southwest Yunnan Province, China in March 2016 (dry season) and May, June, July 2016 (rainy season) to analyze the relationship between the competition for water and nutrients in jungle rubber. We have got some results from collecting plant samples, laboratory test and statistical analysis method. In dry season H. brasiliensis were affected by drought stress, and their water use efficiency was significantly higher than that of rainy season. And the water use efficiency of H. brasiliensis in jungle rubber was lower than that in rubber monoculture, while the leaf N, P contents and N:P values were higher than those in rubber monoculture. There was significant difference among water use efficiency, leaf C, N, P content and N:P value of different time and different species in two study sites. Correlation analysis showed that the water use efficiency was positively correlated with the content of N and P in leaves but negative correlated with N/P value and C content in leaves. All above the results indicated that H. brasiliensis in jungle rubber got higher tolerance toward seasonal drought stress and stronger ability of nutrient acquisition than that in rubber monoculture. This study revealed the effects of planting pattern on the water use efficiency and nutrient absorption of plants, and proved that jungle rubber was a promising sustainable rubber agroforestry ecosystem. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Seed Germination and Seedling Stress Resistance of Dolichandrone spathacea LIU De-hao, LIAO Wen-li, CHEN Zhi-tao, SHU Xia-zhu, XU Ping 2019, 48(02): 134-138.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (412KB) ( )   The seeds of Dolichandrone spathacea were tested with different sowing time, and the growth of seedlings under different flooding, salinity and low temperature conditions was also studied. Results showed that 1000-grain weight of D. spathacea seed was 52 g, seed density was 0.021 g·cm-3, and seed germination time was 9—16 d. The germination rate and germination potential gradually decreased with planting time. Effect of flooding below the crown on seedling growth was not significant. After flooding 22 d, the seedlings began to die. The salt tolerance of seedlings was 10 g·kg-1, and the salt concentration above 10 g·kg-1 would not be conducive to normal growth of seedlings. Leaves of seedlings with salinity over 18 g·kg-1 began to curl and fall off. Low temperature stress at 3 ℃ began to affect the normal growth of seedlings, and 0 ℃ caused the seedlings to be semi-lethal. The seeds of D. spathacea were suitable for sowed soon after collecting. The seedling had higher flooding tolerance and higher salt tolerance, but was sensitive to low temperature. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison on the Effect of Air Temperature and Humidity in Mangrove from Nansha Wetland, Guangzhou and Qi’ao, Zhuhai TAO Wen-qin, MIAO Shen-yu, DAI Wen-tan, HUANG Hua-zhang, CHEN Jian-hui 2019, 48(02): 139-144.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (582KB) ( )   In 2017, the temperature and air relative humidity of open spaces within and around mangrove at Nansha wetland, Guangzhou, and Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province were automatic investigated simultaneously every hour for everyday to estimate the ecological effects of mangrove at different habitats. During the whole year, the temperature within the mangrove both at Nansha and Qi’ao were lower than that around it, but the humidity was higher. Within the mangrove at Nansha, the daily maximum decreased temperature was 6.832 ℃ with the mean value of 0.733 ℃ in the average percentage of 3.092%, while the daily maximum increasing humidity was 23.416% with the mean value of 5.528% in the average percentage of 6.345%. Within the mangrove at Qi’ao, the daily maximum decreased temperature was 6.607 ℃ with the mean value of 1.722 ℃ in the average percentage of 7.011%, while the daily maximum increasing humidity was 45.044% with the mean value of 1.681% in the average percentage of 1.942%. For annual mean air temperature within mangrove, there was 0.126 ℃ higher at Nansha than that at Qi’ao, but for open spaces there was 0.862 ℃ higher at Qi’ao than that at Nansha. For annual mean humidity within mangrove, there was 4.427% higher at Nansha than that at Qi’ao, and for open spaces there was 0.581% higher at Nansha than that at Qi’ao. In total, the effects of decreased air temperature and increasing humidity were relative obvious, and much apparent at Qi’ao for decreasing temperature, while much apparent at Nansha for increasing humidity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of 6 Species of Climbing Plants on Decreasing Temperature and Increasing Humidity in Guangzhou LAI Qiao-hui, WENG Shu-fei, HU Jing-kai, HUANG Min 2019, 48(02): 145-148.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )   Six species of climbing plants in Guangzhou, including Parthenocissus dalzielii, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Quisqualis indica, Pyrostegia venusta, Wisteria sinensis, Lonicera japonica, were studied to appraise their effects on decreasing temperature and increasing humidity by taking an observation of the carbon dioxide absorbing capacity, oxygen producing. Results showed that B. spectabilis had the highest capability of carbon dioxide absorbing and oxygen producing, and P. dalzielii had the highest level of humidity increase capability. Therefore, it was suggested that P. dalzielii, Q. indica and B. spectabilis should be the first choice in the landscape plants configuration for the city road. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth Character of Genetic Differentiation and Elite Treelets Selection of Bretschneidera sinensis at the Early Stage GUO Xiang-quan, QIAN Guo-qin, WU Zai-zhang, TU Nian-wang, WU Wei, GUO Xiang-dui 2019, 48(02): 149-154.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (375KB) ( )   The height-growth and genetic differentiation of Bretschneidera sinensis seedlings was studied. The results indicated that colony growth distribution of B. sinensis was behaving of the Gaussian distribution from 13 to 92 cm. Using the standard deviation classification method of normal distribution, 8 types of height-growth of B. sinensis seedlings were classified with the interval value of colony standard deviation. The results indicated that 85% B. sinensis were distributed in the growth types of mean and adjacent interval. The ground diameter growth of genetic differentiation of B. sinensis was the same as the height growth. With the height growth and ground diameter growth of one-year-old seedling as selection-character, 4 elite treelets were selected according to selection-stands of t determination principle, another 5 elite treelets were selected by the comprehensive evaluation through using the genetic differentiation of seedling at the early stage. These 9 elite treelets were named Tianzhong No. 1—9 respectively. Comparing with average individual, the height growth of 9 elite treelets increased 95%, 97%, 105%, 105%, 142%, 113%, 111%, 100%, 118% respectively, and the ground diameter growth of those elite treelets increased 57%, 61%, 63%, 75%, 105%, 63%, 64%, 57%, 79% respectively. The 9 elite treelets had good growth quality, which would be selected as valuable gene resources of B. sinensis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Leaf Area Measurement of Two Cultivars of Longan by Regression Equation Method PAN Jie-chun, HUANG Xing, DENG Ying-yi, DING Feng, XU Jiong-zhi, XU Shi-lan, HUANG Si-jie, YANG Ya-han, LONG Qiang-yu, WANG Jin-ying, LI Lin, WANG Ying 2019, 48(02): 155-160.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (323KB) ( )   Using mature leaves of two longan cultivars ‘Chuliang’ and ‘Shixia’ as materials, the correlation between leaf circumference, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/leaf width, leaf width × leaf width, leaf length × leaf length, leaf length × leaf width and leaf area was analyzed, and nine simulated regression equations were established. The results showed that the leaf area of ‘Chuliang’ and ‘Shixia’ could be estimated by leaf circumference, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/leaf width, leaf width × leaf width, leaf length × leaf length, leaf length × leaf width. The regression equation based on leaf length and leaf width had the highest R 2, which meant the fitting effect was the best, and the correlation was the greatest. Therefore, leaf length and leaf width could be used as the preferred index for estimating longan leaf area. Among the nine regression equations based on leaf length × leaf width, the linear, quadratic, cubic and power functions could fit the relationship well, among which the power function had the highest accuracy and was more suitable for estimating the leaf area of longan. The most accurate power function equations of leaf area corresponding to ‘Chuliang’ and ‘Shixia’ were y=0.751x 1.006 and y=0.986x 0.973. The most suitable power function of total leaf area for two longan varieties was y=0.869x 0.988. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Native Trees Species in Ningzhen Mountains of Jiangsu Province by Analytic Hierarchy Process XIE Chun-ping, FANG Yan, LIU Da-wei, NAN Cheng-hui 2019, 48(02): 161-168.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (697KB) ( )   To find the appropriate urban trees for Nanjing city, native tree species of Ningzhen mountain of Jiangsu Province were evaluated objectively and quantificationally based on the field investigation and questionnaire survey with the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Results showed that: (1) as urban landscape trees, the characteristic of resistance of native tree species should be considered firstly, followed by ecological functions, aesthetic value and biological feature. (2) Forty one species of native trees distributed in Ningzhen mountain were classified into four groups. Native tree species of Group-I could be applied in the urban environment widely, and Group-II was deemed to complement helpfully for the diversity of urban forest. However, there was still a certain gap for Group-III and Group-IV as urban tree. We draw the conclusion that 13 species of Group-I native trees had a broad application prospect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flora of Vascular Plants in Chenhedong Nature Reserve from Conghua of Guangdong HUANG Li-ming, GUO Yun, ZHANG Shuo, XIONG Lu-qiao 2019, 48(02): 169-175.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (441KB) ( )   The floristic analysis of wild vascular plants in Chenhedong Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province was studied on the basic of field investigation. The results showed that: (1) There were 1139 wild vascular plant species including varieties and forma, belonging to 627 genera in 193 families. Specifically, there were 119 species of pteridophytes, 9 species of gymnosperms, 1011 species of angiosperms (838 species of dicotyledon belonging to 417 genera, 130 families and 173 species of monocotyledon belonging to 111 genera, 20 families), belonging to 8 genera in 7 families, 66 genera in 36 families and 528 genera in 150 families respectively. (2) The dominant phenomenon in family and genus of plants was significant. The dominant families of seed plants were Asteraceae, Poaceae and Rubiaceae. The composition of the seed plants in this region was highly dispersed and complex. In the composition of families and genera, the main species were oligospecies with the proportion of 67.88% and 91.7% respectively. (3) The composition of pteridophytes in genera was also dispersive. The majority of genera included less than five species in pteridophytes, accounting for 93.94%. (4) The flora of vascular plants in this region was complex. At family level, there were 8 distribution types and 5 variety-types of seed plants. The proportion of the tropical distribution reached 50.96%, which contained 80 families. There were 5 distribution types of pteridophyte. The tropical components included 23 families, which accounted for 63.89%. At genus level, there were 13 distribution types and 16 variety-types of seed plants. The tropical components were 68.10%, comprising 365 genera. The pteridophytes belonged to 7 distribution types and 1 variety-types and the proportion of the tropical distribution was 60.61%, containing 40 genera. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Updating for the World Checklist of Bamboos ZHONG Yan-ping, WU Chang-ming, HU Ya-ping, MI Yue-yin, YU Zhao-yan, CAO Fu-liang 2019, 48(02): 176-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (311KB) ( )   Updating the World Checklist of Bamboos (WCB) is a basic study work of Bamboology. In 2016, the actual number of bamboo species of the World Checklist of Bamboos and Rattans published by the world grass authority from UK royal botanic gardens, Kew gardens, was 1665 bamboo species, and non-self-described 1642. WCB(2018) was updated to 1700 species belonging to 130 genera. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Records of Seed Plants from Hunan Province CHEN Zhi-hui, LIU Zhong-cheng, ZHAO Wan-yi, WANG Lei, LIAO Wen-bo 2019, 48(02): 181-185.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (2043KB) ( )   Five species of spermatophytes were reported as new records to Hunan Province, including Bredia changii, Pternopetalum tanakae var. fulcratum, Rubus glabricarpus, Keiskea glandulosa and Pedicularis kiangsiensis. The voucher specimens were stored in the Herbarium of Sun Yat-sen University (SYS). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three Species of Spermatophyte Newly Recorded in Hunan Province YOU Jian-rong, YU Xun-lin, LI Jia-xiang 2019, 48(02): 186-189.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (3194KB) ( )   Three species of spermatophyte, which belong to three families and three genera, were reported as new records to Hunan Province, China, i.e. Ilex zhejiangensis C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen & Y. X. Feng, Mazus procumbens Hemsl. and Luisia morsei Rolfe. All the voucher specimens were deposited in Herbarium of Forest Plants, Central South University of Forestry & Technology (CSFI). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Data of Impatiens in Fujian Province AN Chang, CHEN Ming, ZHANG Yi-xue, MENG Jing, YANG Cheng-zi 2019, 48(02): 190-193.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (787KB) ( )   Through the fourth survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources and scientific research conducted in recent years, the collected plant specimens were sorted and identified, a total of 10 species of Impatiens in Fujian Province were found, 2 of which were newly recorded in Fujian Province. At the same time, it further enriched the distribution points of Impatiens and gave a search table for Impatiens in Fujian Province. This study further enriched the species and distribution of Impatiens, and provided a more comprehensive basis for the study of biodiversity in Fujian Province and the development, utilization and protection of Impatiens. The specimens were stored in the traditional Chinese medicine specimen room of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Herbarium (CMMI). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two Species of Ferns Newly Recorded from Zhejiang Province WANG Zong-qi, LIU Yi-jia, XU Yuan-ke, LIU Hao-kai, LIN Jian 2019, 48(02): 194-196.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (3947KB) ( )   Two?species?of?ferns?are?reported?as?new?records?for Zhejiang?China, namely Diplazium okudairai (Athyriaceae), Asplenium?bullatum?(Aspleniaceae).?Specimens are preserved in the herbarium of Jingning Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant protection and tissue culture

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An Investigation on a Gall-inducing Psylloid Pseudophacopteron alstonium in Guangzhou and Selection of Controlling Pesticide SUN Long-hua, ZHANG Jing-ai, BI Ke-ke 2019, 48(02): 197-200.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (369KB) ( )   Alstonia scholaris was one of the greening tree species in the southern cities, which was seriously damaged by a gall-inducing psylloid Pseudophacopteron alstonium. To take P. alstonimu on A. scholaris in Guangzhou as an object, the characteristics of the occurrence and damage were investigated, and the indoor toxicity tests and field trials were carried out with 4 kinds of low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides including 0.5% azadirachtin, avermectin·acetamiprid, 3% acetamiprid and 20% imidacloprid. The results showed that the gall-inducing psylloid P. alstonium had been outbroken in Guangzhou. The insecticidal effect of 0.5% azadirachtin, avermectin·acetamiprid and 3% acetamiprid on the nymphae of P. alstonium were better than that of 20% imidacloprid in the laboratory. The efficacy of the azadirachtin, acetamiprid and avermectin·acetamiprid were also better in restraining the eclosion of P. alstonium in the field. The nymphae mortality rate of P. alstonium was above 63% after using azadirachtin (10 mg·L-1), avermectin·acetamiprid (200 mg·L-1), acetamiprid (30 mg·L-1) for 20 d in the field. Considering the situation of integrated pest management and environment protection, azadirachtin was recommended to use for the nymphae of P. alstonium. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on Browning in Tissue Culture of Polygonatum kingianum SU Juan, ZHANG Wan-qiao, WANG Xiao, LI Kun-hua, HAN Dan, YANG Dan, YUE Jian 2019, 48(02): 201-203.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (363KB) ( )   In this study, the stem buds of Polygonatum kingianum were used as explants, and the factors affecting browning during tissue culture (sterilization method, basic medium and culture temperature) were discussed. The results showed that the anti-browning effect was best when the surface was treated with 75% ethanol for 30 s and then with NaClO 12 min+HgCl2 8 min. The 1/2MS basic medium was used to effectively inhibit the browning; the low temperature environment (20 ℃) could further reduce the incidence of browning. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

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Research Progress on Loropetalum subcordatum Listed in Class II of State Key Protected Wild Plants MIAO Shen-yu, HUANG Hua-zhang, DAI Wen-tan, TAO Wen-qin, HUANG Jin-ling, ZHANG Yi, GUAN Quan-zhuang 2019, 48(02): 204-208.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2019.02.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (402KB) ( )   Based on the analysis of references and internet resource databases, including flora, specimens, and pictures, and also the field survey on some of the wild survive sites, the taxonomic status, research advance es, specimen records, places of origin and habitats, and the present endangered situation of the key national protected grade II plant Loropetalum subcordatum, were summarized in this paper, so as to providing some information for its survivals and development. There had been more than 160 years since the specimen was collected in 1857 and named in 1861 first found in Hong Kong. According the research, its areal range was enlarged from endemic to Hong Kong, to Guangxi, Guizhou and Guangdong. The population found by authors in Shangchuan Island Macaque Provincial Nature Reserve of Taishan, Guangdong in January, 2019, was the most southern and relative low altitude population found at present. The main cause of its endangerment was its disjunctive distribution, low fecundity, disturbance of the habitat. Some suggestions on the protection measures were put forward in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics