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10 March 1992, Volume 21 Issue 01 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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VARIATION IN THE SEEDLING UREIDE CONTENT AND ALLANTOINASE ACTIVITY DURING THE GERMINATION OF ADZUKI BEAN Xu Zhiwei, Huang Weinan, Zhang Guman 1992, 21(01): 1-5.  Abstract ( )   PDF (283KB) ( )   Changes of ureide, allantoin, allantoic acid content and al-lantoinase activity in adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) seedlings were investigated. Adzuki bean seeds were surface-sterilized in 0.1% HgCl2 (w/v) for 2-3 min and then washed repeatedly with redistilled water, aseptically germinated in the redistilled water at 28±1℃ in the dark unless otherwise specified. The seedlings synthesized ureide (allantoin and allantoic acid) rapidly during the germination. There was little difference in the seedling ureide accumulation among cultiyars. Before the seedling ureide content reached the maximum, the content of allantoic acid was higher than that of allantoin in the seedling, and the ureide content of cotyledon increased more rapidly than that of any other parts in the seedlings. Adzuki bean allantoinase activity appeared on the first day of germination and reached the maximum on the fourth day. Allantoinase from adzuki bean seedlings was remarkably heat-stable and would retain about 60% of the original activity after a seventy-minute pretreatment at 70℃. Related Articles | Metrics

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IN VITRO CULTURE OF UNDEVELOPED OVULES FROM MATURE FRUITS OF SWEET ORANGE Zhang Jinren, Chen Shanchun, Gao Feng 1992, 21(01): 6-10.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1001KB) ( )   Both the percentages of ovules producing embryoids and the mean number of embryoids per ovule were higher when the undeveloped ovules from mature fruits of two cultivars of sweet orange (Cirtus sinensis), Blood orange and Jincheng orange, were cultured on MT medium added with 100 mg/L malt extract (ME). The embryogenic characteristics could be retained if the callus and embryoids were transferred and subcultured on the same medium. The percentage of established plantlets were higher when the cotyledon-shaped embryoids were transferred to MT mediumsup-plemented with 2 mg/L gibberelic acid (GA) and 500 mg/L casein hydro-lysate (CH). The results from this study presents a new approach for extending the source of explants and solving the problem of seasonal limit of excising explant in citrus tissue culture. Related Articles | Metrics

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OPTIMUM RANGE OF MINERAL ELEMENT CONTENTS IN THE LEAVES OF SWEET ORANGE Wang Renji, Zhuang Yimei, Chen Lixuan, Xu Wenbao, Xie Zhinan 1992, 21(01): 11-19.  Abstract ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )   The present study was carried oat in Changtai, Piaghe and Nanjing counties of south Fujian during 1990-1991 in order to find out the optimum range of the mineral element content in the leaves of Yinzigan, Gailiang and Valencia orange, which were major cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) in south Fujian. The main results are as follows. The amount of macro-and micro-elements in the leaves within the same cultivars was affected by different locations and years of sampling. The difference of the contents of nutrient elements among the three cul-tivars was not steady. The authors therefore suggested that it was pertinent to establish the common criteria of plant nutrient diagnosis for the three sweet orange cultivars. The statistical analysis indicated that the variation coefficients of N and P contents in the leaves were lower, while those of Mg,K and Ca contents were higher; the variation coefficients were higher for most micro-element contents (especially B, Mn and Cu) in the leaves than those for macro-element contents. The preliminary study suggested that the values of optimum range of leaf mineral elements in spring shoot of productive sweet orange were s N 2.50-3.30%, P 0.12-0.18%, K 1.00-2.00%, Ca 2.00-5.00%, Mg 0.22-0.40%, Cu 4.0-18.0 ppm, Zn 25.0-70.0 ppm, Mn 20.0-100.0 ppm, Fe 90.0-160.0 ppm, B 25.0-300.0 ppm, and the optimum ratio between the amount of macro-elements in leaves was N:P:K:Ca:Mg=1:0.05:0.52:0.95:0.11. These diagnostic criteria may provide the parameters of fertilizer guide. Related Articles | Metrics

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EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS CHOLESTEROL ON THE ATPase ACTIVITY OF MITOCHONDRIA IN RICE ROOT APEX Guo Jinquan, Chen Wentao, Yang Yunzhu 1992, 21(01): 20-24.  Abstract ( )   PDF (372KB) ( )   Exogenous cholesterol was added in two ways:one was that exogenous cholesterol was absorbed by root system during water culture of rice$ the other was adding it directly to the prepared mitochondria of control rice root apex, and incubating it at 8℃ for 30 minutes. The ATPase activity was then determined. The result indicated that exogenous cholesterol in the given range of concentrations increased the ATPase activity of mitochondria in rice root apex in the either Way. It was also observed that exogenous cholesterol markedly decreased the break point temperatures of ATPase AEa of mitochondria, into which the cholesterol was absorbed by root system, from 27.7℃ and 15.5℃ in the control to 24.5℃ and 12.7℃, respectively; and that of the mitochondria, with which the cholesterol was directly incubated, decreased to 18.8℃ and 9.6℃, respectively. This result indicates that the proper amount of exogenous cholesterol not only has an apparent accelerating effect on the ATPase activity in rice apex mitochondria, but also a regulating effect on the decrease of phase transition temperature of mitochondria membrane. Related Articles | Metrics

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STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL HABIT AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Gynostemma pentaphyllum Chen Zhongren, Chang Yongtian 1992, 21(01): 25-30.  Abstract ( )   PDF (418KB) ( )   The present paper deals with the growth of wild and cultivated medicinal plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum with an emphasis on its ecological habit and biological characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE EFFECTS OF PLANTING DENSITY ON THE LIGHT ENERGY UTILIZATION IN BANANA ORCHARD AND THE YIELD Chen Wentao, Wu Zhaoping, Guo Jinquan, Yang Yunzhu 1992, 21(01): 31-37.  Abstract ( )   PDF (442KB) ( )   The growth characters of banana (Musa acuminata cv. ‘Dwarf Davendish’) at three planting densities (1995, 2400, 2775 plants/ha, respectively) and the orchard light intensity were studied, and the comparative test was conducted with the yield effects of the three planting densities under the habitat with strong wind, thin soil layer and sandy, poor organic matter and low fertile soil in Fujian coastal areas. The results showed that the growth characters at three planting densities were roughly the same,but there were significant differences among light intensity, light energy utilization in orchard and yield. The relative light intensities in the orchard were 69.1%, 9.3% and 6.6%, respectively, at heading and bearing stage. Two years yield were 26.5, 32.2, 35.2 tons/ha, respectively. The yield could be increased by rational close planting and maximum utilization of light energy and soil fertility in the habitat of windy, poor soil fertility under coastal conditions. It suggests that the optimum planting density of banana is 2400-2700 plants/ha.The result presents an effective way to increase banana yield in poor soil under coastal conditions, which wouldn't decrease individual plant yield due to too close density but make full use of light energy and soil fertility. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE REASON FOR LOW FLORET OPENING RATE IN CUT FREESIA INFLORESCENCE AND IMPROVING METHODS Su Jun, Ye Wen, Li Zhaowen 1992, 21(01): 38-41.  Abstract ( )   PDF (299KB) ( )   The reason why not all ths florets of freesia (Freesia refracta) inflorescence cut at bud stage opened was lack of carbohydrate. In order to supplement carbohydrate, two methods were adopted; (1) Pretreated with sugar solution (10%, 20%, 30%), the sugar content in cut freesia in-floescence increased,therefore the floret opening rate increased and its vase life was prolonged 5 (2) Preserved in preservative solution containing sugar, STS (silver thiosulphate), 8-HQC (hydroxyquinoline citrate) and several growth regulators, the flower quality of freesia inflorescence was improved and senescence delayed. The best formula of preservative solution was. 5% sugar+300 ppm 8-HQC+50 ppm kinetin. Related Articles | Metrics

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SELECTION OF GRASS SPECIES AND LANDSCAPING LAYOUT FOR THE GOLF COURSES IN XIAMEN AREA Xu Chunjing, Huang Zifu, Shi Jinsheng 1992, 21(01): 42-46.  Abstract ( )   PDF (362KB) ( )   The selection of grass species and landscaping for the golf courses in Xiaman area wars preliminarily invastigatsd. The authors suggest that Xiamen area under natural conditions are suite d to the growth of grasses of warm climatypa, Cynodon spp. and Zoysia spp. as the principal grass species. The landscaping design should reveal the vegetation lands-caps of soathern subtropical seashors visw. Subtropical plants are advisable for the main species of disposition, which are combined with exotic species. The landscaping effects should be well coordinated with the functions of the courses to make the landscaping layout reasonable and accent the beautiful lawn of the courses. Related Articles | Metrics

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SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF CHINESE PEAR-LEAVED CRABAPPLE Li Xinxian, Lei Decheng, Ma Guozuo 1992, 21(01): 47-50.  Abstract ( )   PDF (276KB) ( )   Parasitic tumours are raised from the trunk and bough of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple. The character of Chinese pear-leaved crab-apple is different from Malus asiatica Nakai in leaves, shoots, flowers and fruits. It was shown from peroxidase isozyme examined by polyacrylamide gel flat electrophoresis that the bands are quite different among M. asiatica Nakai, M. prunifolia Borkh. and M. pumila Mill. The band of Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is more similar to that of M. asiatica Nakai, both have three strong bands, and Rf value of the two is equal, i.e. Rf=0.53, 0.56. In addition, Chinese pear-leaved crabapple has one more weak band than that of M. asiatica Nakai, its Rf=0.80. The results show that Chinese pear-leaved crabapple is a variety of M. asiatica Nakai. It is named to Maius asiatica Nakai var. rinki. Related Articles | Metrics

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THE NATURAL RESOURCE OF Gynostenma pen aphyllum IN FUJIAN PROVINCE Chen Zhongren, Chang Yongtian 1992, 21(01): 51-53.  Abstract ( )   PDF (243KB) ( )   The growing environment, the biological characteristics, the distribution and utilization of the medicinal resource plant Gynoster. mapentaphyllum are described.Many wild forms of this plant from Fujian province have been collected and grown in Xiamen since 1985. And some promising forms have been selected in the field. Related Articles | Metrics