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30 June 2024, Volume 53 Issue 3 Previous Issue   
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Differences in Microbial Communities among Ganpu Tea from Different Years HONG Pei-yu, WANG Ya-yu, WU Hong 2024, 53(3): 191-200.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (5289KB) ( )   Ganpu tea is made by removing the flesh of fresh Citrus reticulata 'Chachiensis' and filling them with Yunnan Pu-erh tea. It has both the aroma of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae 'Chachiensis' and the fragrance of Pu-erh tea. In this study, Ganpu teas were separated into tea leaves and peels with different aging times for microbiome analysis. It was found that the microbial composition of the peels and tea leaves of Ganpu tea was more similar in the early aging stage, while the differences became more pronounced in the later aging stage. In tea leaves of Ganpu tea aged at different times, the dominant bacterial genera included Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Blastobotrys. In the peel of Ganpu tea aged at different times, the dominant bacteria aged for 0 to 1 year include Staphylococcus, while the dominant bacteria aged for the other three times are Acinetobacter. In the fungal community, the dominant fungal genera in aged 0, 1, and 5 year old peels, as well as five different aged Ganpu tea leaves, are all Blastobotrys. The dominant fungal genus in aged 7 and 9 year old Ganpu tea peels is Xeromyces. Among the tea leaves or peels of Ganpu tea at different aging times, the majority of samples (over 75% of the abundance) shared the same Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). Correlation analysis based on these shared ASVs revealed a significant positive correlation between Aspergillus and other microorganisms in the network, although its abundance was not particularly high in Ganpu tea at different aging times. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Deproteinization Methods of Crude Polysaccharide from Seeds of Livistona chinensis and Its Inhibitory Activity on Osteoclast Differentiation LIU Qiu, LIU Jia-quan, WU Jing-yu, RAN Heng-xing, WU Zheng-rong, JIN Jing-wei 2024, 53(3): 201-206.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (2862KB) ( )   This study primarily aimed to explore the optimal protein removal method for polysaccharide of the seed of Livistona chinensis. Using protein clearance rate and polysaccharide retention rate as evaluation indicators, the effects of Sevage method, enzymatic method, and the combination of enzyme and Sevage method on the protein removal from polysaccharide of the seeds were investigated. Additionally, the influence of the obtained polysaccharide of the seeds on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells was explored. The protein removal rates of polysaccharide of the seed using the Sevage method, enzymatic method, and the combined method were 78.85%, 82.40%, and 82.73%, respectively. The polysaccharide retention rates were 72.42%, 92.16%, and 96.72%, respectively. Treatment of RANKL-induced RAW264.7 osteoclast models with polysaccharide of the seed of L. chinensis obtained using the optimal protein removal method revealed that it could reduce the number of osteoclasts generated and decrease their TRAP activity. Therefore, the combination of enzyme and Sevage for protein removal was a relatively effective method that could significantly reduce the protein content in polysaccharide of L. chinensis seed while maintaining a high polysaccharide retention rate. The obtained polysaccharide could also inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, providing theoretical support for the development of new anti-osteoporosis drugs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Induction of Callus and Adventitious Buds of Garcinia xanthochymus Seeds YANG Lan, AN Xue-jiao, CHEN Li-gang, WEN Bin 2024, 53(3): 207-213.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1516KB) ( )   Garcinia xanthochymus seeds exhibit the characteristic of totipotent germination, yet therein physiological basis remains unclear. To investigate the regenerative growth characteristics, explants from mature and immature seeds of G. xanthochymus were utilized to examine the impacts of five hormones and growth regulators (NAA, TDZ, IAA, 6-BA, and 2,4-D) on callus induction and adventitious bud formation, with MS as basic media. The results indicated that: (1) Callus formation primarily depended on the maturity of the seeds. Explants derived from mature seeds exhibited induction rates exceeding 80% even without exogenous growth regulators, while explants sourced from immature seeds only responded to TDZ (0.25–3 mg·L–1) and 6-BA (1.5–2 mg·L–1) with a callus induction rate below 40%. (2) Only 6-BA induced adventitious buds steadily in this study, with the optimal approach being the cultivation of explants from mature seeds on MS medium supplemented with 5.5 mg·L–1 6-BA, resulting in a 73% incidence rate and an average of 5.07 adventitious shoots each explant. These findings further validated the strong regenerative growth potential of G. xanthochymus seeds, and the investigated plantlet regeneration protocol provided a reliable method for asexual propagation in G. xanthochymus. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome Survey Analysis in Ixora chinensis TU Shao-qiang, KE Ling-jun, CAI Yue-qin, LU Luan-mei, YU Hui-wen 2024, 53(3): 214-219.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (2572KB) ( )   Ixora chinensis is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with both medicinal and ornamental values. The analysis of the genomic characteristics of I. chinensis can lay a theoretical basis for sequencing the whole genome and elucidating the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of medicinal components. The genomic information of I. chinensis was evaluated by using Survey genome sequencing technology and K-mer analysis to obtain information on genomic duplications, heterozygosity and GC content. Results were as follows. Survey high-throughput sequencing obtained Raw Data 47.63 Gb, filtered Clean data 45.62 Gb. K-mer analysis showed that the genome size was 588.35 Mb, heterozygosity was 1.5598%, repeatability was 64.49%, GC content was 35.71%. The genome of I. chinensis presents high heterozygosity, high repetition, and genome bulky features. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Leaf Economic Phenotypes of Pinus massoniana under Different Stages of Restoration in the Red Soil Erosion Area of Southern China NING Hong-tao, TENG Yu, WANG Yi-fan, CHEN Ye, LIN Xin-hong, LIU Wen, LI Shou-zhong 2024, 53(3): 220-226.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (744KB) ( )   In the process of ecological restoration, plants form a trade-off strategy between resource acquisition and resource conservation in order to adapt to changes in the environment. The proposal of leaf economic phenotypes provides a theoretical basis for quantifying and describing the resource trade-off strategies of plants. In this paper, we took the leaf traits of Pinus massoniana under different stages of restoration in the southern red soil erosion area as the research object, and explored the changing law of leaf traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf relative water content, leaf total carbon content, leaf total nitrogen content, and leaf total phosphorus content) of P. massoniana in the process of ecological restoration, as well as the correlation between the leaf traits and the differences between the leaf traits under different stages of restoration. The results showed that specific leaf area, leaf total nitrogen content and leaf total phosphorus content gradually increased with the changes of recovery stage; leaf total carbon content was significantly negatively correlated with leaf total nitrogen content and leaf total phosphorus content; and the PCA1 axis scores of leaf traits increased with the increase of recovery stage. The results indicated that the combination of leaf traits in P. massoniana changed from nutrient-conserving traits to nutrient-acquiring traits with the recovery stage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamics of Forest Carbon Density in Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province KANG Ning, ZHANG Yue, CHEN Yu, DONG Jing-li, ZENG Yan-na, ZHANG Yun-ling, YANG Shi-min, MEI Qi-ming 2024, 53(3): 227-233.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (651KB) ( )   In order to study the dynamics of carbon density of typical forest communities in Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve in Guangdong province (XTSNR), five 1-hm2 forest ecosystem monitoring plots were constructed according to the vegetation type and age of the forest in XTSNR. The second censuses of the plots were conducted 5 years after the construction of the plots to analyze the changes of individual species, important values and carbon density within the plots. The results showed that: (1) With the natural restoration of the XTSNR forest, the individual density of the five plots increased significantly, and the individual density of the XTS-D plot increased the most (2356 plants·hm–2), while that of the XTS-E plot of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest increased the least (228 plants·hm–2). (2) Compared with the initial census, the carbon density of XTS-A, XTS-B, XTS-C and XTS-D plots all increased, and the newly added carbon storage of mature forest XTS-D plots was the highest, with an increase of 22.41%. The carbon density of XTS-E mixed forest decreased by 9.23%. (3) The DBH class structures were different among the five plots; the middle DBH class (Ⅳ and V) contributed the most to the carbon storage of the mature forest XTS-A sample; large DBH class (Ⅸ) had the highest carbon storage in overmature forest XTS-B; the carbon storage of young and middle-aged trees (XTS-C and XTS-D) was mainly concentrated in trees of middle and small DBH classes (Ⅱ-Ⅳ). (5) The top 10 species of carbon density in the five plots were basically the same. Although Pinus massoniana in XTS-E plot was still a tree with high carbon density and important value, its individual number and important value decreased. Among the five plots, broad-leaved tree species showed the fastest increase in carbon density. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity and Geographical Pattern Analysis of Wild Lamiaceae Species in China CHANG Meng-lin, CHEN Xin-yan, CHEN Shi-pin, MA Liang 2024, 53(3): 234-242.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1475KB) ( )   Based on the taxonomic database and a large amount of literature, this study takes administrative counties as the basic unit to sort out the wild Lamiaceae distributed in Chinese Mainland. The species diversity, genus flora, and distribution were analyzed, resulting in the establishment of a geographical distribution dataset for wild Lamiaceae in China. As of January 2024, 100 genera and 1,387 species (including subspecies and varieties) were recorded. Among these, only Scutellaria, a genus with more than 150 species. The genera with species numbers between 101 and 150 include Salvia with 137 species and Isodon with 106 species. Thirty-six genera contain between 6 and 50 species, totaling 733 species, representing the main component of wild Lamiaceae in China. Fifty-nine genera have 5 or fewer species, totaling 119 species, accounting for 8.58% of the total number of wild Lamiaceae species in China. Thirty-three genera are represented by only one species in China, indicating a high genus diversity but low species richness within genera. The primary genera are Scutellaria, Salvia, and Isodon, with a total of 394 species, accounting for 28.62% of the total species. Wild Lamiaceae are distributed across all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China, primarily in the eastern Himalayas, the mountains of western Hubei and eastern Chongqing, southeastern Tibet-northwestern Yunnan, and the mountains of eastern Yunnan-western Guangxi. The highest species richness is found in Yunnan Province (658 species) and Sichuan Province (532 species). The flora of the genus was diverse. According to Wu Zhengyi's classification of the distribution areas of Chinese seed plant genera, the 100 genera of wild Lamiaceae in China belong to 15 typical types and 12 variant types. Tropical and temperate floristic elements dominate. Genera related to tropical flora account for 39 genera and 548 species, showing a significant predominance. Temperate elements follow, with six genera exhibiting a Mediterranean distribution and two genera exhibiting disjunct distributions between East Asia and North America. Wild Lamiaceae in China are functionally diverse, mainly categorized into medicinal plants, aromatic plants, nectar plants, wild vegetables, ornamental plants, and oil plants. Although some Lamiaceae groups have been explored for their value, many groups remain under-researched, warranting further mechanism research and utilization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on Diversity of Lycophytes and Ferns in the Chebaling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province ZHANG Ying-ming, WANG Ting, DENG Shuang-wen, CUI Yu-wen, TAN Hai-rong, CHEN Hong-feng 2024, 53(3): 243-256.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (5121KB) ( )   In order to comprehensively document the plant diversity within the Chebaling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong and to provide data support for the long-term monitoring, conservation management, and public education regarding biodiversity within the reserve, we conducted field surveys and specimen collection of ferns and lycophytes using transect methods from June to August 2023. A statistical analysis of the species composition, floristic characteristics, and resource status of ferns and lycophytes within the reserve was carried out by integrating literature data. The results indicated: (1) A total of 231 species (including infraspecific taxa) of ferns and lycophytes belonging to 75 genera and 25 families distributed in the nature reserve, among them 64 species from 11 families and 28 genera were new records in the area. (2) There were six monotypic families and 38 monotypic genera, accounting for 24.00% and 50.67% of the total families and genera, respectively, which reflected the ancient and primitive nature of the ferns and lycophytes flora in the area. (3) Ferns and lycophytes composition in this area are derived from multiple origins. The tropical component ranked at the family (60.00%) and genus (68.00%) levels, while at the species level, the subtropical component (54.98%) held prevalence, followed by the tropical component (29.87%). It aligns with the characteristics of subtropical flora, demonstrating a certain degree of features associated with tropical flora. (4) Compared with adjacent nature areas, Chebaling Nature Reserve shows the closest relationship with Qingyunshan Provincial Nature Reserve in Guangdong province. The similarity indices of species, genera, and families (Jaccard/Krober coefficients) stand at 92.00/96.00, 73.42/85.33, and 42.42/62.86, respectively. This suggests a probable connection to their geographical proximity and similar climatic features. (5) Within the nature area, ferns and lycophytes resources are abundant, including six edible species, 145 medicinal species, 141 ornamental species, and 32 species with industrial value. These resources provide rich opportunities for the future rational development and effective utilization of plants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and Analysis of the Diversity of Self-Generated Herbaceous Plants in Three Universities in Lanzhou City AN Qi, LIU Wen-lan 2024, 53(3): 257-270.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (11976KB) ( )   Autogenic plants are essential plant materials for constructing low-cost, low-maintenance, and sustainable conservation-oriented landscapes. To comprehend the current status of autogenic herbaceous plant resources in colleges and universities within Lanzhou City and to apply them more effectively in gardens, the grid sampling approach was adopted to carry out monthly investigations of autogenic herbaceous plants on the campuses of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou University, and the old campus of Lanzhou University of Technology from April to October 2023. The habitats were classified into 4 types, totaling 146 sampling points and 438 sampling plots. The species composition and diversity characteristics were analyzed through calculation methods such as the Shannon-Wiener index and Ducan test. The results indicated that a total of 103 species belonging to 87 genera and 32 families of autogenic herbaceous plants were surveyed in the three universities, among which 61 were native plants, accounting for 59.22%; 21 were invasive alien plants, constituting 20.39%. The life form was predominantly perennial herbs, with a total of 63 species, and 40 were annual and biennial herbs. The top 3 species in terms of species frequency were Taraxacum mongolicum (67.63%), Viola prionantha (55.76%), and Trifolium repens (48.32%), which were abundant in all sampling plots and had certain growth advantages. The dominant families were Compositae and Poaceae, with 44 species belonging to 34 genera. Compositae plants accounted for the highest proportion; among them, Taraxacum mongolicum held significant values within the top 5 in three types of sampling plots such as shade, grassland, and road, and ranked first in the shade sampling plot of Gansu Agricultural University, with an important value of 42.21. From the perspective of spatial pattern, there were more species in shade and grassland habitats, with 59 and 47 species respectively, and their Shannon-Wiener index was in the order of shade > grassland > road > waterside; the Shannon-Wiener index demonstrated a trend of initially rising, then falling, and subsequently rising over the months, with the highest values in June and October, averaging 6.41 and 6.17 respectively. The diversity of each habitat sampling plot was at a relatively high level, which was related to the climate, human disturbance, and management level. The autogenic herbaceous plants on campus exhibit good ecological adaptability and plant landscape effects. Scientific utilization and planning can shape garden plant landscapes with distinctive features and ecological significance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Eight Newly Recorded Species of Pteridophytes from Fujian Province FU Hou-hua, WEI Hong-jin, CHEN Shuai, SHEN Jun, MA Liang, CHEN Shi-pin 2024, 53(3): 271-275.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (7075KB) ( )   Through field investigations and specimen references, six species, one variety and one hybrid of pteridophytes belonging to six genera in three families were found as new records in Fujian province, viz., Arachniodes simulans (Ching) Ching, A. nigrospinosa (Ching) Ching, A. miqueliana (Maxim. ex Franch. et Sav.) Ohwi, Bolbitis × laxireticulata K. Iwats., Hymenasplenium murakami-hatanakae Nakaike, Asplenium tenuicaule var. subvarians (Ching) Viane, Metathelypteris uraiensis (Rosenst.) Ching and Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Records of Four Species of Ferns in Fujian Province WANG Hui, TIAN Li-xue, WU Jin-ping, WEI Ran, LIU Bin-bin, XU Chao, LI Zhong-yang, JIN Shui-hu 2024, 53(3): 276-279.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (4238KB) ( )   ased on comprehensive field observation in Meihuashan National Natural Reserve, Fujian, China, we found one new record genus Tomophyllum (E. Fourn.) Parris and four new record species, Tomophyllum donianum (Spreng.) Fraser-Jenk. & Parris, Microlepia trapeziformis (Roxb.) Kuhn, Asplenium phyllitidis D. Don, and Polystichum herbaceum Ching & Z. Y. Liu. This not only enriches the plant diversity of Fujian Province, but also provides information for the study of the floristic geography in this region. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Effects of Irrigation and Fertilizer Regulation on Growth and Product Quality of Camellia sinensis ZHAO Jun-bo 2024, 53(3): 280-284.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.03.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (477KB) ( )   Camellia sinensis is a perennial commercial crop. Water and fertilizer play a key role in the growth and development of tea trees. In this paper, the current research progress was reviewed from the aspects of water and fertilizer regulation on photosynthesis, root growth characteristics, shoots, tea yield and quality, etc., and the effects of different irrigation and fertilization measures on tea tree growth and the application progress of different water and fertilizer regulation on tea yield and quality were discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of water and fertilizer control were analyzed, and the future development direction was pointed out. It provided theoretical guidance for increasing production and improving quality of tea. References | Related Articles | Metrics