亚热带植物科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 537-547.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.05.007

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

水氮调控下干旱绿洲膜下滴灌马铃薯产量与耗水量变化

郭鹏飞1,2,周晨莉2,李海燕1,张恒嘉1,2*   

  1. (1. 甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070;2. 聊城大学农业与生物学院,山东 聊城 252059)
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-28 接受日期:2025-06-17 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-12-17
  • 通讯作者: 张恒嘉
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52269008);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2022CYZC-51);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(18YFINA073);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1304FKCA095)

Dynamics of Potato Yield and Water Consumption under Water and Nitrogen Regulation with Mulched Drip Irrigation in Arid Oasis

GUO Peng-fei1,2, ZHOU Chen-li2, LI Hai-yan1, ZHANG Heng-jia1,2*   

  1. (1. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu China; 2. College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong China)
  • Received:2025-03-28 Accepted:2025-06-17 Online:2025-10-31 Published:2025-12-17
  • Contact: ZHANG Heng-jia

摘要: 设置苗期调亏、块茎形成期调亏与两时期同时调亏3个水分调亏处理,以及高氮N1 (240 kg·hm-2)、中氮N2 (185 kg·hm–2)、低氮N3 (130 kg·hm–2) 等3个施氮水平试验,并基于马铃薯生长季内气象因子和各生长阶段参考作物蒸散量变化,分析干旱绿洲膜下滴灌马铃薯耗水量、作物系数及产量变化规律。结果表明,马铃薯全生育期参考作物蒸散量分别为487 mm (2023年)和509 mm (2024年),蒸散强度在块茎形成期达峰值,分别为4.40 mm (2023年)和4.29 mm (2024年)。耗水量随施氮水平增加而增大,苗期调亏处理耗水量最大,耗水量在282.82~367.89 mm之间。作物系数与施氮量成正比,调亏时期对作物系数影响极显著,苗期、块茎形成期、块茎膨大期与淀粉积累期的作物系数分别为 0.21~0.43、0.46~0.71、0.88~1.15和0.54~0.80。马铃薯苗期调亏中氮处理可实现稳产节水减肥目的。该研究量化水氮处理下干旱绿洲膜下滴灌马铃薯在不同生长阶段的需水量,为优化制定节水灌溉制度提供理论依据。

关键词: 马铃薯, 参考作物蒸散量, 作物系数, 耗水量, 干旱绿洲

Abstract: Three water deficit treatments were set up: water deficit during the seedling stage, during the tuber-formation stage, and during both stages. Three nitrogen application levels were additionally established in the experiment: high nitrogen N1 (240 kg·hm–2), medium nitrogen N2 (185 kg·hm–2), and low nitrogen N3 (130 kg·hm–2). Based on meteorological factors and reference crop evapotranspiration during the potato growth season, the water consumption, crop coefficient, and yield variation patterns of potato were analysed under mulched drip irrigation were analyzed in drought oasis. The results showed that the reference crop evapotranspiration during the entire growth period of potato was 487 mm in 2023 and 509 mm in 2024, with the evapotranspiration intensity reaching the peak during tuber-formation stage, being 4.40 mm in 2023 and 4.29 mm in 2024. The water consumption increased with the increase in nitrogen application level, and the water consumption was the largest in the water deficit treatment during the seedling stage, ranging from 282.82 mm to 367.89 mm. The crop coefficient was directly proportional to the nitrogen application rate, and the water deficit period had a highly significant effect on the crop coefficient. The crop coefficients during the seedling stage, tuber formation stage, tuber expansion stage, and starch accumulation stage were 0.21 to 0.43, 0.46 to 0.71, 0.88 to 1.15, and 0.54 to 0.80, respectively. The medium nitrogen treatment with water deficit during the potato seedling stage could achieve stable yield, water savings, and reduced nitrogen use. This study quantified the water requirement of potato under drought oasis mulched drip irrigation at different growth stages under water and nitrogen treatments, providing a theoretical basis for optimising the water-saving irrigation system.

Key words: potato, reference crop evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, water consumption, drought oasis

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