Abstract: The leaf phenotypic variation characteristics and geographical variation rules of different populations of Castanopsis hystrix were studied in this paper. A total of 229 clones of 17 representative populations in the germplasm gene bank were selected as the research objects. Five phenotypic traits of leaves were selected for variance analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis to explore the morphological variation of leaves in different populations of C. hystrix and its relationship with geographical and climatic factors. The variation ranges of leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf index and petiole length of different populations were 10.9–17.9 cm², 7.5–9.3 cm, 2.2–2.9 cm, 3.3–3.6 and 0.39–0.67 cm, respectively, and the coefficient of variation among characters was 3.2% – 15.6%. There were significant differences between populations and within populations, and the mean variance component percentage within populations (48.404%) was significantly higher than that between populations (11.423%). The variation within populations was the main source of phenotypic variation of C. hystrix leaves. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were positively correlated, and leaf width, leaf area and petiole length were negatively correlated with leaf index. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with longitude, and were significantly positively correlated with altitude. At Euclidean distances 15, 17 populations could be clustered into 3 groups. The variation of leaf phenotypic traits in C. hystrix was abundant, and leaf length, leaf width and leaf area showed a geographical variation pattern dominated by longitude and altitude. With large longitude and low altitude, the leaves are relatively short and small.

Key words: Castanopsis hystrix, germplasm resources, leaf variation, geographical factor, climatic factor

摘要： 以来自红锥Castanopsis hystrix种质基因库的17个代表性种源共229个无性系为研究对象，选取叶片的5个表型性状，进行方差分析、相关性分析和聚类分析，探寻不同种源红锥叶片的形态变异及其与地理气候因子的关系。不同种源叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶形指数和叶柄长的变化区间分别为10.9～17.9 cm²、7.5～9.3 cm、2.2～2.9 cm、3.3～3.6和0.39～0.67 cm，其性状间变异系数为3.2%～15.6%；各性状在种源间和种源内均存在极显著差异，种源内的方差分量百分比均值(48.404%)明显大于种源间(11.423%)，种源内变异是红锥叶片表型变异的主要来源；叶面积、叶长和叶宽两两间呈极显著正相关，叶宽、叶面积、叶柄长与叶形指数呈极显著或显著负相关；叶长、叶宽、叶面积与经度呈显著或极显著负相关，与海拔呈极显著正相关。聚类分析中，在欧氏距离15处将17个种源聚为3类。红锥叶片表型性状变异丰富，叶长、叶宽和叶面积呈现以经度和海拔变化为主的地理变异模式，且经度大海拔低的种源叶片较短小。

关键词: 红锥, 种质资源, 叶片变异, 地理因子, 气候因子