Abstract: Based on five sample plots with different levels of ecological restoration in Changting County, Fujian Province, we investigated the characteristics of plant species diversity in each community, explored the relationship between α-diversity and factors such as soil, forest stand, and elevation through redundancy analysis, and analyzed the effects of factors such as soil, forest stand, and elevation on β-diversity and its decomposition components among the sample plots through ANOVA decomposition to lay a foundation for a deeper understanding of ecological restoration and vegetation reconstruction in the subtropics. The results showed that: (1) the overall diversity of the community did not increase significantly with the increase of the ecological restoration level; the α diversity of the community was low, and the contribution of each layer of trees, shrubs and grasses to the diversity of the community varied and changed dynamically with the increase of the ecological restoration level. (2) The difference in species composition between communities with different levels of ecological restoration is large, and the species turnover component is the main component of β-diversity; β-diversity shows an increasing trend as the difference in ecological restoration level between communities increasing. (3) Soil water content and understory vegetation height were significant environmental factors affecting plant α-diversity (P＜0.05); elevation changes explained the turnover component and nested component of community species β-diversity to a high degree, 65% and 54%, respectively, and stand factors and soil factors also explained some of the variations; interactions between stand and soil factors and elevation explained the species dissimilarity between communities to a high degree, 72% and 73%, respectively. The above results indicated that α-diversity did not increase significantly with the level of ecological restoration, but inter-community species composition differences showed an increasing trend with the level of restoration. In addition, habitat factors and elevation changes, which were strongly influenced by the pioneer population, played an important role in α and β diversity.

Key words: erosion-degraded land; α-diversity; β-diversity; ecological restoration; variance partitioning analysis

摘要： 基于福建省长汀县5种不同生态恢复水平的样地，调查各个群落内植物物种多样性特征，通过冗余分析探讨α多样性与土壤、林分、海拔等因子的关系，通过方差分解分析样地间土壤、林分、海拔等因子对β多样性及其分解组分的影响，为深入理解亚热带生态恢复与植被重建奠定基础。结果表明：(1) 群落整体多样性没有随着样地恢复水平的提高而明显增加；群落α多样性水平较低，乔灌草各层对群落物种多样性的贡献存在差异且随生态恢复水平提高发生动态变化。(2) 不同生态恢复水平群落间物种组成差异较大，物种周转组分为β多样性的主要组成部分；随着群落间生态恢复水平差异的增大，β多样性呈增加趋势。(3) 土壤含水率和林下植被高度是影响植物α多样性的显著环境因子(P＜0.05)；海拔对群落物种β多样性周转组分和嵌套组分的解释度较高，分别为65%和54%，林分因子和土壤因子也解释部分变化；林分和土壤因子与海拔的相互作用对群落间物种相异性有较大解释度，分别为72%和73%。以上结果表明，α多样性随生态恢复水平的提高无明显增加，但群落间物种组成差异随恢复水平的提高呈增大趋势。此外，受先锋种群强烈影响的栖息地生境因子以及海拔变化对α和β多样性起着重要作用。

关键词: 侵蚀退化地；α多样性；β多样性；生态恢复；方差分解