Subtropical Plant Science

Variations of Chlorogenic Acid Isomers in the Solvent Extraction from Kudingcha (Ilex kaushue)

LIN Chun-song, HUANG Qing-yun, ZHANG Xue-qin, LIU Hong-zhou, CHEN Chun, XU Su-xia

2021, 50(03): 163-169. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.001

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Kudingcha, which is rich in chlorogenic acid, was used as material, the extraction efficiency of chlorogenic acid isomers and changes of isomers after extraction were investigated by using methanol, ethanol, acetone and water, combined with the commonly used ultrasonic extraction, water bath extraction and reflux extraction. Six chlorogenic acid isomers and caffeic acid from Kudingcha could be separated within 6 minutes by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that acetone used as extraction solvent could obtain higher extraction efficiency in ultrasonic and water bath, and it was easy to obtain more high content of total chlorogenic acids and isochlorogenic acid A. However, the most commonly used solvent ethanol could not perform the ideal extraction effect under the set conditions of ultrasonic wave and water bath extraction. In the reflux extraction of different solvents, although the total amount of chlorogenic acids extracted was similar, the contents of isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C showed great differences. The reflux extraction of alcohol solution, especially ethanol solution, greatly increased the amount of isochlorogenic acid C, and the corresponding amount of isochlorogenic acid A decreased significantly, which indicated that under the condition of alcohol heating, isochlorogenic acid A was converted into isochlorogenic acid C, which also provided a new and simple method for obtaining isochlorogenic acid C, the ingredient with stronger antioxidant capacity.

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Comparison of Main Active Ingredient Contents in Leaves of 7 Species of Camellia sect. Chrysantha

CHEN Xue-mei, LIN Wei, XUAN Zu-ying, XIONG Bing-hong, TU Zhi-jin, XUE Ke-na

2021, 50(03): 170-174. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.002

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To provide a higher value reference for Camellia nitidissima varieties breeding, promoting the development and utilization of C. nitidissima varieties, used the mature leaves of seven different species as test materials. The content of flavonoids, polyphenols, total polysaccharides, total saponins, total amino acids and vitamin E and seven mineral elements such as K, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se were determined and compared. And also a cluster analysis was conducted. The differences of seven varieties in medicinal value were also examined. The results showed that the nutrient content of each variety was rich and there were significant differences. The content of flavonoids of C. limonia was up to 671.67 mg·100 g^-1; the content of polyphenols of C. impressinervis was up to 7.13%; the content of total saponins of C. tunghinensis was up to 0.41 g·100 g^-1. In terms of mineral elements, all varieties showed the characteristics of high content of K and low content of Na. The contents of K in C. limonia, C. impressinervis and C. nitidissima var. microcarpa leaves were higher than those of Ca, and Se was detected in all species. The 7 varieties could be divided into 3 groups according to the result of the cluster analysis. The comprehensive results showed that the content of polyphenols, total polysaccharides, total amino acids and other nutrients in the leaves of C. impressinervis was relatively high, and its medicinal value might be relatively considerable.

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Optimization of Rooting Conditions in Tissue-cultured Seedlings of Nicotiana attenuata and Its Applications

ZHAO Lu-yan, LI Rong-ping,?WU Jin-song

2021, 50(03): 175-181. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.003

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Nicotiana attenuata, a diploid wild tobacco, has recently became the most important model plant of Nicotiana species for studying plant-herbivore and plant-pathogen interaction, as it has relative smaller genome and shorter life cycle when compared to cultivated tobacco. However, the difficulty of rooting during tissue culture of transgenic N. attenuata seedlings greatly hampered its application as a research model in genetic engineering and molecular biology research. In order to overcome this difficulty, we tested the effects of exogenous additives, such as naphthylacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ancymidol, chlormequat chloride (CCC), rooting powder and active charcoal with various concentrations, on the rooting of tissue-cultured seedlings. The results revealed that the seedlings hardly produced any roots without any treatments or with CCC treatments during growth in rooting medium for 90 days, while treatments with NAA, IBA, IAA or rooting powder with appropriate concentration greatly induced rooting of tissue-cultured seedlings; Seedlings in the rooting medium supplied with 0.8 mg·L^-1 IBA not only achieved a good rooting rate with above 72.73%, but also grew well in terms of morphology of roots and aboveground parts. Finally, we found that 0.8 mg·L^-1 IBA treatments also greatly increased the rooting rate of transgenic seedlings, from 0% (control) to more than 60% after 20 days in rooting medium, and reached to more than 90% after wounding treatments and sub-culturing in rooting medium supplied with 0.8 mg·L^-1 IBA for another 20 days. Taken all together, we successfully optimized the rooting protocol for N. attenuata transformation. The findings of this study provided a solution for the efficient induction of roots in transgenic seedlings of N. attenuata, and brought great convenience for using N. attenuata as a model plant of tobacco species.

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A Preliminary Study on Occurrence of Endosperm Callus in Pinus massoniana

YUAN Yu-hong, SUN Yan, ZHENG Yu-shan

2021, 50(03): 182-188. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.004

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In order to obtain haploid materials of Pinus massoniana and establish endosperm tissue culture system, different disinfectants and disinfection times of P. massoniana were screened, and the effects of different hormone ratios and different heat shock temperatures and times on callus induction were studied. The results showed that the best way to sterilize explants was 75% alcohol treatment for 30 s+2% NaClO for 15 min, the explant contamination rate was 0, the mortality rate was only 15.56%; Auxin could promote callus induction and was necessary; The seeds soaked with cytokinin could replace the cytokinin in the medium, and could obtain better effect of endosperm callus induction, 1.0 mg·mL-1 6-BA for 30 min was the best, in the medium WPM+NAA 2.0 mg·L-1+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1+agar 7 g·L-1 the induction rate was as high as 87.78%; The medium DCR+NAA 2.0 mg·L-1+6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1+agar 7 g·L-1 had the highest endosperm callus induction rate (68.75%); Heat shock treatment could improve the induction rate and quality of endosperm callus. The best heat shock at 45 ℃ under 85% relative humidity for 10 minutes, the total callus induction rate was 66.25%, and the mass callus induction reached 8.75%; The best proliferation culture was WPM+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+sucrose 30 g·L-1+agar 7 g·L-1, and the proliferation rate was 83.33%.

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Screening and Classification of Drought Tolerance in 22 Species of Landscape Plants in Southern China

SUN Lin, ZHENG Wei-guo, GONG Yan-zhang, LIN Rui-jun

2021, 50(03): 189-196. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.005

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The physiological changes, including chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), Peroxidase (POD), from 22 species of landscape plants were studied under drought stress. This study also evaluated and graded their drought resistance through physiological parameters, principal components analysis and clustering analysis. The results showed that: (1) In drought gradient, the chlorophyll content of leaves showed a decreasing trend in different extent, generally, while a few showed an increasing trend; the content of MDA and relative electrical conductivity both showed an increasing trend in different extent; the POD activity of most plants showed a rising trend at first and then a decreasing trend, while a few showed a continuous increasing trend. (2) The drought tolerance of 22 plants were divided into three grades: Fagraea ceilanica, Schefflera octophylla, Osmanthus fragrans var. fragrans, Iris tectorum for grade A, drought-enduring plant; Ruellia simplex, Gardenia jasminoides, Codiaeum variegatum, Syzygium hancei, Excoecaria cochinchinen, Jasminum sambac for grade B, moderate drought-tolerance plant; Carmona microphylla, Aglaia odorata, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Jatropha integerrima, Ixora chinensis, Allamanda schottii, Duranta erecta, Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, Lagerstroemia indica, Cyperus involucratus, Rosa chinensis var. minim, Hydrocotyle chinensis for grade C, drought-intolerant plant.

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Sustained Effect of Nutrient Supply for Different Genotypes of Cunninghamia lanceolata

WU Zai-zhang

2021, 50(03): 197-202. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.006

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The tree height growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata was classified into 5 types with “the standard deviation classification method of Gaussian distribution” and the fertilization test was designed according to the different growth types of C. lanceolata. It was illustrated that better growth-group was of better effect for the height growth and the inferior growth-group was not obvious for sustainable effect of the height growth under the limited fertilization and better height growth was of better growth effect under more fertilization after fertilization treatment over 2-years. The sustained effect of annual BD-growth was better compare the good growth-group with the inferior growth group, but the sustained growth effect of inferior growth group was gradually declining under the limited fertilization and the sustained growth effect of BD-growth of the good growth-group was better for fertilization treatment and the sustained growth effect of annual BD-growth was better for more fertilization treatment and the annual BD-growth was the same as the annual height-growth. It illustrated that the good growth-group was of stronger adaptation for soil and was better able to bear barren soil and it would better promote annual growth of height and BD of the different genotypes and recover and improve growth of the low-yield stands of C. lanceolata through fertilization.

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Analysis on Phenotypic Character of Curcuma Flower Germplasm Resources

HU Wei, DONG Qing, DING Hua-qiao, MAO Li-hui, ZOU Qing-cheng, CAO Xue-rui

2021, 50(03): 203-207. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.007

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According to the breeding objectives of Curcuma flowers, 11 quantitative characters and 7 quality traits of 16 turmeric plants were evaluated by factor and cluster analysis. The results showed that the phenotypic characters of Curcuma plants were complex and changeable. The coefficient of variation of quantitative characters of tested materials ranged from 26.70% to 95.44%. The leaf main vein was green, the upper bract was lotus root pink or rose red, the halo was green, the flower lip was purple and the flag petal was white, which were typical phenotypic traits of Curcuma. Principal component analysis showed that 9 important ornamental characters were attributed to 3 principal components. According to the principal components of phenotypic traits, 16 accessions were clustered into three groups. The 11 varieties in group I were all Curcuma alismatifolia. Among them, the upper bract area of ‘Chiang Mai Pink’ was the largest, and the ornamental value was the most prominent, but the plant type was small. Among the 4 varieties in group II, the flower type and color were very characteristic, the plant type was larger and the resistance was stronger, and Curcuma soloensis was the best. In the third group, the growth of Curcuma petiolata was the strongest. Cross breeding among the three groups was expected to produce both ornamental and growth potential progeny.

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Analysis on Species Diversity and Flora of Vascular Plants in Hanzhong Tiankeng Group, Shaanxi Province

HU Yi, TANG Li, ZHANG Yu, WANG Peng, LI Xiu-cheng, WANG Yan, TANG Yu

2021, 50(03): 208-215. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.008

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The biodiversity of typical Tiankeng in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province was investigated, and the vascular plant diversity flora in this area was preliminarily studied on the basis of systematically collecting the biodiversity research results and data around Tiankeng. The results showed that there were 940 species of angiosperms, 20 species of gymnosperms and 73 species of ferns in the Hanzhong Tiankeng group. The flora composition was dominated by temperate plants, and mixed with tropical plants. It showed that this area was an transition zone from warm temperate zone to subtropical zone, and the flora had certain antiquity. At present, 30 species of rare and endangered plants had been found in the Tiankeng Group, which was the ‘sanctuary’ for the existing rare and endangered plants. The research results were of great significance for the sustainable development and utilization of ecological resources, the conservation and restoration of biodiversity in Tiankeng Group.

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Floristic Characters of the Lycophytes and Ferns of Maolan National Nature Reserve in Guizhou, Southwestern

HU Jia-yu, TAN Cheng-jiang, YAO Zheng-ming, ZHANG Xian-chun

2021, 50(03): 216-221. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.009

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In this study, the species diversity and floristic characters of lycophytes and ferns of Maolan National Nature Reserve in Guizhou were reported based on field observation, identifications of new collections, and literatures survey. The result shows that there are 237 species of lycophytes and ferns in Maolan, which belong to 32 families and 76 genera. The dominant families are Dryopteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Pteridaceae and Polypodiaceae, and the dominant genera are Diplazium, Selaginella, and Pteris. At the species level, the flora of lycophytes and ferns of Maolan is characterized by having high proportion of East Asian and Tropical Asian elements. The ecological features are sciophytes and terraphytes in the majority. A comparison with neighboring regions shows that Maolan and Huaping National Nature Reserve in Guangxi have the highest species similarity coefficient, followed by Fanjing Mountain in Guizhou, Emei Mountain in Sichuan, and Maguan County in Yunnan.

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Geographical Distribution and Suitable Areas Prediction of Mikania micrantha in Zhongshan, Guangdong

CHEN Zhi-yun, MA Hong-yan, WANG Ling, LI Dong-wen, XIE De-zhi, MO Xian, KONG Da-qing

2021, 50(03): 222-226. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.010

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Through a comprehensive field survey, the distribution points of Mikania micrantha were collected and the distribution map of M. micrantha was drawn in Zhongshan, Guangdong. Meanwhile, the environmental variables of actual distribution points of M. micrantha were quantitatively analyzed by MaxEnt model, predicting the suitable distribution areas of M. micrantha in Zhongshan under the current climate. Results showed that M. micrantha was distributed in all 25 towns (or streets) and Municipal Nature Reserve Management and Protection Center under the jurisdiction of Zhongshan, presenting more in the south and less in the north in general. AUC values of the ROC curve were all above 0.8, suggesting that the predicted results had relatively high credibility. Precipitation seasonality, altitude, minimum temperature of coldest month and precipitation of warmest quarter were main environmental variables that limit the distribution of M. micrantha in Zhongshan, with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.5%. 95.40% of the areas in Zhongshan had varying degrees of suitability for the growth of M. micrantha, among which the areas of high, medium and low suitable areas accounted for 5.33%, 33.56%, and 56.51% of the areas of Zhongshan, respectively. In summary, M. micrantha invaded Zhongshan seriously, and the spreading trend had not been contained; MaxEnt model could predict the suitable distribution areas of M. micrantha in Zhongshan, but there was a certain deviation.

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New Records of Seed Plants from Guangdong Province

WANG Yan, ZHAO Wan-yi, CHEN Zai-xiong, LI Xu-jie, LIAO Wen-bo, FAN Qiang

2021, 50(03): 227-230. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.011

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Two genera, Glyceria R. Br., Caragana Fabr. and two species Glyceria acutiflora subsp. japonica (Steud.) T. Koyama et Kawano, Caragana sinica (Buc’hoz) Rehder were reported as new records in Guangdong Province, China. All of them were discovered in Mount Danxia National Nature Reserve. The discovery of these new records had instructive significance for the study on the florogenesis of Mt. Danxia.

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Effect of Paclobutrazol, COMPO and A-MICSUR on Florescence Regulation of Bougainvillea glabra

ZHAN Fu-lin

2021, 50(03): 231-235. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.012

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The potted Bougainvillea glabra ‘Sanderiana’ was used as the test variety. Under natural growth conditions, the orthogonal experiment design was used to analyze the influence of different concentrations of paclobutrazol, COMP, and A-MICSUR amalgam on the regulation of the florescence of B. glabra ‘Sanderiana’. The results showed that paclobutrazol had the greatest effect on growth of Bougainvillea branches, which manifest in inhibiting the elongation of branches internodes and promoting the increase in the number of blossom buds; A-MICSUR had the greatest effect on the regulation and control of Bougainvillea florescence, which manifest in promoting blossom and improving quality; The 3 medicaments had different effects on the enzyme activity of Bougainvillea. The regulation of the florescence of B. glabra ‘Sanderiana’ was mainly based on effect of the timing florescence. The optimal combination of medicaments was paclobutrazol 1.2 g·L-1 + COMPO 1.5 g·L-1 + A-MICSUR 0.5 mL·L-1, and combined with appropriate plant water management.

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Effects of Different Substrates on Rooting of Lithocarpus polystachyus Cuttings

WANG Hui-lei, SUN Li-jing

2021, 50(03): 236-239. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.013

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In order to screen out the suitable cutting medium of Lithocarpus polystachyus, the semi lignified branches were used as cuttings. And five materials (garden soil, yellow heart soil, peat soil, river sand and coconut bran) were select to set up 8 matrix formulations, and the bulk density, total porosity, pH and electrical conductivity of each matrix were measured to explore the effects of different substrates on the cutting survival rate, root number and root length of L. polystachyus. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of different media were different, and there were significant differences in the survival rate, root number and root length. The survival rate, root number and root length were significantly correlated with the physicochemical properties of the substrate. The substrate with high total porosity was not conducive to the survival and root growth of L. polystachyus, while the substrate with low pH value and electrical conductivity had higher survival rate; garden soil: yellow heart soil: river sand (1:1:1) was the most suitable medium for cutting propagation, and the cutting survival rate was the highest (86.75%), followed by yellow heart soil: river sand (2:1).

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Evaluation on Landscape Beauty of Ecological Landscape Forest Belt in Guangdong Province Based on SBE

JIANG Jie, YANG Chao-yu, FAN Jing, CHEN Chuan-guo, CHEN Huang-li, LU Ya-li, HOU Zhong-yuan

2021, 50(03): 240-244. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.03.014

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Based on the statistical analysis of the current situation of ecological landscape forest belt construction, Scenic Beauty Estimation (SBE) method was used to evaluate the ecological landscape forest belt in Guangdong Province, and the main factors affecting the landscape level of the belt were analyzed. Meanwhile the relationship between the landscape elements and the landscape quality was discussed in the ecological landscape forest belt. The results showed that people of different majors, gender, education background and age had consistency in forest aesthetic attitude, and the evaluation results could reflect the actual situation of forest beauty degree. The maximum SBE value of 53 photos was 1.4454, the minimum was -1.6917. There were four factors which had great influence on the beauty degree, namely color richness (X6), color brightness (X7), life style (X8), and growth condition (X9). The multiple linear regression model was Y=1.902-0.346X6-0.461X7+0.206X8-0.584X9.

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