Subtropical Plant Science

Effect of Cerium on Growth and Antioxidant Protective Enzyme System of Arachis hypogaea Seedlings

XU Sheng, LIU Jia-dun, SHI He-ping

2021, 50(05): 333-340. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.001

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The effects of different concentrations of cerium nitrate on Arachis hypogaea seedling growth, flowering number and antioxidant enzymes peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated by solution culture. The results showed that Cerium concentration below 20.0?mg·L–1 could promote the growth and flowering of peanut seedlings. Among the Ce concentrations tested, the best growth was obtained at 10.0 mg·L–1 cerium, where its biomass and flowering number were about 1.3 and 2.8?times that of the control. But Cerium concentration higher than 20.0 mg·L–1 inhibited the growth and reduced the number of flower buds. Cerium concentration lower than 20.0 mg·L–1 inhibited POD activity and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in peanut seedlings, and the lowest POD activity and MDA content, which was about 47.51% and 20.76% of the control, were seen when addition of 10.0 mg·L–1 cerium into the culture solution. It was also found that less than 20.0 mg·L–1 cerium enhanced SOD activity in peanut seedlings, the highest SOD activity, which was about 2.0 times that of the control, was obtained at 5.0 mg·L–1 cerium in the culture solution.

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In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Total Flavonoids Extracts from Gnaphalium affine, a Raw Material of ″Haocaibaba″ in Western Hunan

CHEN Jia-bei, LI Yun-feng, ZHOU Wen, YAN Jing-ru, ZHANG Fan-jing, CHEN Gong-xi

2021, 50(05): 341-346. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.002

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To investigate the antioxidant activity of total flavonoids extracts from Gnaphalium affine, the raw material of “Haocaibaba” in western Hunan, the effects of total flavonoids extracts from the plant on DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging, reducing ability and inhibition β-Carotene fading were determined in this study. The results showed that the concentration flavonoids in the mother liquor of the total flavonoids of Gnaphalium. affine mother solution was 7.01 mg·mL–1; the total flavonoids extract had good scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and its the semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 16.30 mg·L–1 and 30.16 mg·L–1, respectively. The results showed that the total flavonoids extracts of Gnaphalium affine had good scavenging ability to DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals, and its half-inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 16.30 mg·L-1 and 30.16 mg·L-1, respectively. The time of decreasing relative absorbance of carotene to 50% was extended to 67.49 min, which also had better effects in reducing ability, delaying carotene fading and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. The total flavonoids of Gnaphalium affine had good in vitro antioxidant activity, which could provide a basis for further promotion and vigorous development of Gnaphalium G. affine as a high-quality edible plant resource.

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Analysis of Aroma Components in the Flowers of Begonia handelii and Its VarietiesHS-SPME/GC-MS

DING You-fang, CHEN Fei, Lü Yan-ling, HUANG Bi-hua, CHEN Bo-yi

2021, 50(05): 347-352. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.003

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Using HS-SPME/GC-MS, the aroma components in the male flowers of Begonia handelii and two of its varieties, B. handelii var. prostrata (female flowers) and B. handelii var. rubropilosa (male flowers) were analyzed. The results showed that 32 kinds of aroma components identified were the flowers of B. handelii var. prostrata, with alcohols accounting for 50.10 of the total composition, and hydrocarbons, aldehydes, acids accounting for 25.39, 13.87, 4.34 respectively. Twenty-one kinds of aroma components were identified the flowers of B. handelii, with aldehydes accounting for 57.12 of the total composition, and alcohols, hydrocarbons, heterocyclic substances accounting for 17.37, 15.31, 4.88 respectively. Forty-four kinds of aroma components were identified the flowers of B. handelii var. rubropilosa, with alcohols accounting for 38.22 of the total composition, and hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ethers accounting for 34.36, 16.83 and 6.91 respectively.comparison and analyses, the aroma components of B. handelii var. prostrata and B. handelii var. rubropilosa were relatively close, emitting the sweet, faint scents that characterized linalool oxides. The aroma components of B. handelii flowers had the highest content of aldehydes and the scent was similar to delicately sweet caramel.

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Effect of UV-C Irradiation on Preservation of Hylocereus polyrhizus ‘Jindu’ Fruits

LUO En-xi, LI Zhen-qin, HONG Ke-qian, SONG Kang-hua, LIANG Yong-kang, WANG Jun-ning

2021, 50(05): 353-359. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.004

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Influences of low dose short wave ultraviolet (UV-C) on the preservation of dragon fruit and its action mechanisms were studied for providing scientific basis of UV-C application in dragon fruit storage. The test material was ‘Jindu’ dragon fruit and common ultraviolet germicidal lamp with wavelength of 254 nm was used as the radiation source. The dragon fruits were irradiated with the radiation dose of 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 1.0 kJ·m–2, respectively. Then we conducted the experiment that the optimal dose of UV-C was selected by measuring the decay rate, electrical conductivity and TSS content of the dragon fruit. Dragon fruits treated with optimal dose of UV-C were stored under the condition of 22±1 ℃. Water loss rate, H2O2 content and defensive enzyme activity were measured periodically during storage. Different doses of UV-C treatment effectively inhibited the rot of dragon fruit and the increase in electrical conductivity, and reduced the TSS content in dragon fruit. 1.0 kJ·m–2 UV-C treatment had the best effect with significantly increasing of SOD and CAT activities in dragon fruit during the whole storage period, and significantly improving to chitinase and PPO activities in the early and middle storage period. The β-1,3-glucanase activity in the late storage period was also significantly higher than that of the control. But it reduced the POD activity in the middle storage period (the 6th day). In addition, 1.0 kJ·m–2 UV-C also significantly increased the H2O2 content during storage (except for the 6th day), and had no effect on the water loss rate of the fruit.

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Evaluation of Resistance of Different Camellia oleifera Clones to Anthracnose and Main Physiological Indexes in Leaves

LU Li-li

2021, 50(05): 360-365. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.005

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In order to select better Camellia oleifera varieties with strong resistance to anthracnose, five C. oleifera Clones in western Fujian province were investigated by disease index method to evaluate their resistance to anthracnose, and the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and soluble protein content in the leaves of each clone were measured and compared. On this basis, the internal relationship between anthracnose resistance of C. oleifera and its main physiological indexes was explored through correlation analysis. The results showed that there were one high resistance clone (Xinluo No. 2), there medium resistance clones (Hetian No. 2, Hongshan No. 1, Zhangping No. 2) and one low sensitivity clone (Wuping No. 2) among the five C. oleifera clones tested for anthracnose resistance. And the differences of POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity and soluble protein content among different clones reached a very significant level (P<0.01). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that POD activity, SOD activity and soluble protein content were negatively correlated with the susceptibility index of Camellia anthracnose, while CAT activity was not a significant correlated with the susceptibility index slightly. In conclusion, C. oleifera clones had different resistance to anthracnose, and their main physiological indexes had a certain correlation with anthracnose resistance. Among these five C. oleifera clones, Xinluo No. 2 clone had strongest resistance to anthracnose, and its main physiological indexes were relatively higher too. These results would provide a basis for the breeding of improved varieties of C. oleifera resistant to anthracnose and the study of disease resistance mechanism.

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Oil-tea Cake Organic Fertilizer on Growth of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus exserta Seedlings

FENG Shao-ping, HUANG Ting, ZHANG Hui, WANG Bing-xin, DONG Bin, HUANG Yong-fang

2021, 50(05): 366-370. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.006

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The oil-tea cake was used as raw material to compare the effects of different proportions of oil-tea cake on the survival rate and growth of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus exserta seedling. The results showed that: At 70 d, The survival rate of A. mangium seedling was 87.8%, and the E. exserta seedling was 95.6% when the content of the oil-tea cake was 20%; The average height of A. mangium seedling were lower than that of the control group when the contents of oil-tea cake between 10%—30%. When fermented oil-tea cake was 10% and 20%, it promoted the growth of E. exserta seedlings, but when the content was 30%, it showed that growth of E. exserta was inhibited. The results showed that the content of fermented oil-tea cake should be controlled below 20% when used on A. mangium seedling, while for E. exserta, it should be controlled below 30%.

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Changes of Morphological Structure and Phytohormone Contents during the Aerial Stem-to-Rhizome Transition in Gynostemma pentaphyllu

PENG Zhen, ZHU Li, LUO Qing, GAO, Jian-you, ZHA Man-rong, PENG Xiao-lie, GUO Hui-hong, LIU Shi-biao

2021, 50(05): 371-377. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.007

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The apex of aerial stem of Gynostemma pentaphyllum could drill into the ground in autumn then develop into rhizome with proliferated buds underground to survive overwintering. The formation progress and tissue structure of rhizome were observed and the phytohormone contents of IAA, GA and JA in different parts of three stages during aerial stem-to-rhizome transition were examined in this paper. The results showed that the aerial stem apex developed into swell modified stem firstly, and then drilled into ground where it developed into rhizome. The rhizome proliferated average 2.28 new axillary buds or lateral branches, which sprouted in the upcoming spring. The basic structure of aerial stem, modified stem and rhizome was the same, with the latter two stems contained abundant starch grains in the cells of starch sheath, pith and pith ray. The highest contents of IAA, GA and JA were found in aerial stem apex, the second in abnormal stem apex, and the least in rhizome. The dynamic contents of these phytohomones from the tip section, hook section, swelling section to stable section presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The IAA, GA and JA content ascended at hook section and reached maximum value at swelling section in modified stem, while the IAA had the highest content at hook section in rhizome, which indicated their physiological functions at the corresponding parts.

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Analyses of Flower Color Phenotype and Flower Pigments of Petunia hybrida New Germplasms

LI Ya-qi, Liu Xin-yi, GUO Xue-ying, Pan Jun-song, Tang Dong-qin

2021, 50(05): 378-387. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.008

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In this study, 27 new self-bred germplasms of Petunia hybrida were selected to study the flower color and their pigments. The flower color phenotype of P. hybrida was described by RHSCC and colorimeter, the pigment types in their petals were preliminarily determined by color reaction, and the content of three kinds of pigments in petals of selected P. hybrida was determined by standard curve method or pH differential method. The flower color of all germplasms could be classified into 5 series, and the color ranges mainly from purplish red to red. The flower color of P. hybrida was widely distributed in CIELab color system, and the color parameters were distinguished greatly in petunia petals with different color. The petals of P. hybrida contained flavonoids and anthocyanins, but no or little carotenoids. The flavonoid content in petals of 13 tested germplasms ranged from 2.5?to 12.2 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW, in which the anthocyanin content ranged from 0.03 to 3.88 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW. The carotenoid content in petunia petals was much lower than the content of flavonoids, the highest and the lowest value was present 0.216?mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW and 0.004 mg·g–1 FWmg/g·FW, respectively. Taken together, the type and the content of pigments were different in the petunia petals within different color; no or little carotenoids were detected in petals of most petunia germplasms of purplish red and red series; a high level of flavonoids was observed in petals of yellow, white and purple petunias, and the content of anthocyanins in petals of purple and purplish red petunias was also relatively high.

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Comparison of Plant Diversity Between Natural Forest and Semi-natural Forest in Baguang, Shenzhen

YU Xin-fan, HUANG Yu-yuan, ZENG Qing-huai, WEN Hai-yang, YANG Zhi-ming, WANG Wei-ming, XU Wang, YIN Chun-yang, HUANG Jian

2021, 50(05): 388-393. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.009

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The plant community structures of two sealed natural forests and two restored abandoned semi-natural forests in Baguang area of Shenzhen were investigated, the plant height, coverage and other indexes were measured, and the composition and diversity characteristics of the two types of plant communities were analyzed. The results showed that in terms of species composition at all levels of the community, the numbers of plant species in tree layer and shrub layer of natural forest were greater than those of semi-natural forest, and the shrub layer and herb layer of semi-natural forest were also well developed and rich in species. In terms of species diversity Simpson index, Shannon Wiener index and richness index, the shrub layer diversity of the four communities was higher than the other two layers, indicating that the shrub had strong self-renewal ability under the condition of reduced human disturbance. Most of diversity indexes of the three community layers and overall indexes in natural forest were higher than those of semi-natural forest, indicating that the vegetation structure of natural forest was well developed, the number of species at each level was richer, and the number and distribution of individuals of various classes were more uniform. In the restored semi natural forest, due to the imprint of human disturbance, the diversity index of tree layer was significantly lower than that of natural forest, but also because it was in the restored state, the species diversity was gradually increased by the restoration of shrub layer and herb layer.

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Research on Medicinal Plant Resources in Mawei District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

JIANG Shu-zhen, LIAN Hui, CAI Min-feng, CHEN Shi-pin

2021, 50(05): 394-401. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.010

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Based on the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources (TCM) work, the status of medicinal plant resource species, distribution, key Chinese medicinal material varieties as well as the cultivation of medicinal herbs in Mawei District were recorded. According to the requirements of the Fourth National Survey of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, the medicinal plant resources in Mawei District were investigated by means of field investigation, visit and cultivation base investigation. The medicinal parts, life style, etc. of wild medicinal plants were determined based on the related data. There are 506 species of wild medicinal plants in 360 genera and 132 families in Mawei District. Among them, herbs are the main life form; the few-species families occupied an absolute dominant position; the medicinal parts are concentrated in roots and whole grasses; 50 kinds of key medicinal materials and 22 kinds of characteristic medicinal materials in Fujian Province have been investigated. The species of medicinal plants in Mawei district are relatively poor due to the serious destruction of native vegetation caused by human disturbance for a long time. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine could be planted under forest to improve the soil environment and realize the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine resources.

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Bryophyte Diversity and Florisitic Characteristics of Jingning She Minority Autonomous County, Zhejiang, China

XU Yuan-ke, ZHAO Chang-gao, LIN Jian, JIN Min-zhong,HOU Jian-hua, REN Zhao-jie

2021, 50(05): 402-409. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.011

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Based on the identification of 2331 specimens collected from Jingning She Minority Autonomous County(Jingning for short), Zhejiang, China, 451 species in 194 genera and 80 families are recognized, among them 2 genera and 30 species are new records for Zhejiang province. Dominant families include Brachytheciaceae (34 spp.), Hypnaceae (23 spp.), Pottiaceae(22 spp.), Mniaceae(22 spp.) and so on, while dominant genera are Plagiochila(Dumort.) Dumort.(14 spp.), Brachythecium Bruch & Schimp.(14 spp.), Fissidens Hedw.(13 spp.), Hypnum Hedw.(11 spp.), Frullania Raddi(10 spp.) and so on; the monotypic and oligotypic genera are rich, but the endemic species is few; in terms of habitat preferance, petrophytia, geophytia and epixylophytia make up the majority of the bryoflora, while hydrophytia are very few; main body of the flora consists of Eastern Asia elements, Tropical elements and Temperate elements, that reflects obvious East Asian color and tropical to temperate transition characteristics of the flora. This study is designed to find out the bryophyte resources of Jingning, and provide scientific data for protection and rational ultilization of this wild resources, as the same time, it is hoped to provide basic data for bryophyte studies of Zhejiang Province and even China.

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Chamaelirium, a Newly Recorded Genus of Melanthiaceae from Guizhou Province

MENG Kai-kai, ZHAO Wan-yi, LIU Zhong-cheng, FAN Qiang

2021, 50(05): 410-412. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.012

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Chamaelirium Willd. (Chionographis) as a new record genus and Chamaelirium chinense (K. Krause) N. Tanaka as a new record species from Guizhou province were reported. The morphological characteristics, habit of C. chinensis were described, and its taxonomic status was also discussed in this paper.

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Research Progress on Mechanisms of Harvested Fruit Disease Resistance Induced by Salicylic Acid

SUN Jun-zheng, LI Mei-ling, TANG Jin-yan, MING Yan-lin, LIN He-tong, CHEN Yi-hui

2021, 50(05): 413-420. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2021.05.013

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Salicylic acid is an important endogenous signal molecule capable of activating fruit defense responses. This research progress reviewed the control of postharvest diseases by the application of SA on fruits. In addition, the resistance-inducing mechanisms including antioxidant response, defense response, respiratory metabolism regulation, gene expression and resistance-related protein expression were also discussed. Furthermore, the potential areas for future research direction of SA were suggested, which was of great importance for the development of disease resistance theory and guidance to production practice.

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