Subtropical Plant Science

Genome Size Estimation and Ploidy Identification of 68 Servings Bougainvillea by Flow Cytometry

CHEN Yi-mu, ZHOU Qun, ZHONG Ying-ying, ZHANG Wan-qi, LI Ke-wei, LIN Yue-qi

2022, 51(6): 417-423. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.001

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Using diploid variety tomato as the internal reference, the genome sizes of 54 collected germplasm at home and abroad and 14 seedlings of Bougainvillea resources were estimated by flow cytometry, and the chromosome ploidy was calculated with diploid as the control. The results showed that: (1) the peaks of the selected samples assayed were completely separated from that of the control without overlapping, and the peak shape was clear and concentrated, suggesting that the estimation of Bougainvillea genome size and ploidy was effective; (2) among the tested materials, 34 germplasm were diploids with genome sizes of 2.48–2.86 Gb, 28 germplasm were triploids with genome sizes of 3.65–4.22 Gb, 5 germplasm were tetraploid with genome sizes of 4.98–5.12 Gb. In addition, a Bougainvillea germplasm resource ‘Big Phnom Penh bayberry’ was identified as a mixoploid of 2X, 4X and 6X. The usage of flow cytometry assay could shorten the time while improve the efficiency towards the identification of Bougainvillea chromosome ploidy.

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Volatile Components of Begonia handelii by GC-MS

LIANG Xiao-li,WANG Ning, ZHOU Zhi-xiong, WANG Long-yuan, WU Wei, GUO Wei, GUO Le-dong, WU Ling

2022, 51(6): 424-433. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.002

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Begonia handelii is an aromatic herb with fragrant flowers and medicinal value. In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to determine the volatile components of its fresh flowers, frozen flowers and fresh leaves. The results showed that 63 compounds were identified from fresh flowers, and the main volatile substances were alcohols, ketones and heterocycles. And 65 compounds were identified from frozen flowers, and the main volatile substances were alcohols, terpenes and aldehydes. There were 35 compounds identified from fresh leaves, and the main volatile substances were alcohols, heterocyclic compounds and ketones. Comparing and analyzing the volatile components of other Begonia, it was found that different habitats, growing environments and material treatment methods had important effects on the volatile components of plants, and it was inferred that the aroma of frozen flower was closer to that of its variety B. handelii var. prostrata. By comparing and analyzing the components of B. handelii, it was speculated that freezing would change the components and contents of flowers, and it was found that some volatile components in B. handelii had antibacterial effect, which could purify indoor and outdoor environment to a certain extent.

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Determination of Genistin and Genistein in Flemingiae Radix from Fujian Province by RP-HPLC

JIANG Si-si, YAN Bao-ling, ZHANG Miao, HUANG Ze-hao, LIU Xiao-fen

2022, 51(6): 434-440. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.003

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A method for the determination of genistin and genistein content in flemingiae radix from Fujian was established. The methods were as followed: Atlantis T3 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution, gradient elution, flow rate 1.2 mL·min–1, column temperature 35 ℃, detection wavelength 260 nm, injection volume 10 μL. The results showed that the contents of genistin in 20 batches of flemingiae radix from Fujian were 0–0.119 mg·g–1, and the average content was 0.018 mg·g–1; the contents of genistein were 0.065–0.17 mg·g–1, the average content was 0.115 mg·g–1; the total amounts of the two components were 0.039–0.281mg·g–1, and the average content was 0.133 mg·g–1. There was no significant difference in the total amounts of genistin and genistein in flemingiae radix from different producing areas, origins and sources in Fujian Province, which indicated that the quality level of the medicinal material was stable. The method was fast and reliable, and had certain reference value for the quality control of flemingiae radix medicinal materials.

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Effects of Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer One-time Base Application on

LIN Li, LIAN Yun, LIU Jin-liang

2022, 51(6): 441-450. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.004

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n order to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting, and simplify the fertilization procedure, Guiyan 202 was used as the experimental material, and a two-factor randomized block experimental design was used to explore the effects of reduced chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer one-time base application on the dynamic changes of nutrient accumulation, nutrient utilization and distribution rate of flue-cured tobacco in field growth period. The results showed that, compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer, the one-time base application of chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer was beneficial to increase the dry matter accumulation, improve the accumulation and utilization rate of N, P2O5, K2O in the field growth stage, and increase the dry matter distribution ratio of N, P2O5, K2O in the roots and leaves of flue-cured tobacco after 35 d transplanting. The dry matter accumulation, and the accumulation and utilization rate of N, P2O5, K2O with 2250 kg·hm–2 organic fertilizer treatment were higher than those of 750 kg·hm–2 organic fertilizer treatment. At the same time, the dry matter accumulation, and the accumulation and utilization rate of N, P2O5, K2O in the treatment with 40% chemical fertilizer reduction were higher than those of other treatment with organic fertilizer reduction. The application rate of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 40%, and the combined with 2250 kg·hm–2 organic fertilizer was the mode of organic substitution and fertilizer reduction to reduce the application rate of chemical fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco, simplify the fertilization procedure and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer.

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Effects of Different Ratio of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Flowering in Phalaenopsis Orchid

CHEN Ye-zhen, JI Jing-jing, JIANG Li, WANG Guang-dong

2022, 51(6): 451-458. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.005

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Effects of different ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrient solution treatments on flowering characteristics of mature plants of Phalaenopsis cultivars ‘Fen Hongbao’ and ‘Lü Ruyi’ were studied. The results showed that compared with control nutrient solution (N: P: K= 10:30:20), appropriately increasing P element proportion (No.1 nutrient solution, N: P: K=10:40:20) and reducing N element proportion (No.3 nutrient solution, N: P: K=5:30:20) significantly shortened the average initiation and outgrowth time of flower peduncle. In addition, the comprehensive performance of No.3 nutrient solution was better in promoting flower peduncle elongation growth, increasing the floral number, shortening the flowering time and improving flowering quality.

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Characteristics and Distribution Pattern of Fagus longipetiolata in Leigong Mountain, Guizhou Province

YANG Li-dan, CHEN Ying-qiang

2022, 51(6): 459-473. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.006

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In order to understand the community structure characteristics and spatial distribution pattern of Fagus longipetiolata, and establish its adaptive protection measures, the community of F. longipetiolata in Guizhou province was investigated by the method of typical sites. The results showed that there were 103 species of vascular plants belonging to 77 genera in 50 families, among which ferns had 3 families, 3 genera, 3 species, and seed plants had 47 families, 74 genera, 100 species. There were 3 species of Gymnosperms belonging to 3 genera in 3 families; and there were 97 species of Angiosperms belonging to 71 genera in 44 families. The floristic components of the genus belonged to temperate zone. The importance value of F. longipetiolata (0.1702) in the tree layer was the highest, and it was a construction species. The importance value of F. longipetiolata was high in all groups, and it was dominant in the community. There was a bimodal distribution from grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅴ, and there were 63 and 31 plants in grade Ⅰ and Ⅴ, accounting for 47.73% and 23.48% of the total number of plants, respectively. The population was randomly distributed in grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ saplings, and transitioned from random distribution to cluster distribution with the increase of diameter class. The dominant species Cyclobalanopsis glauca changed from cluster distribution to random distribution. Other dominant species were distributed randomly. The richness index of each community was shrub layer > tree layer > herb layer. Dominance index was tree layer > herb layer > shrub layer. H diversity index was tree layer > herb layer > shrub layer. The evenness index was tree layer > herb layer > shrub layer. The community of F. longipetiolata in Leigong Mountain had its own characteristics, so it was necessary to strengthen the protection of the existing F. longipetiolata community and further study on its population and community ecology.

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Species and Distribution Pattern of the State Key Protected Wild Plants (2021 edition) in Guangdong

YANG An-hua,CHEN Zhu-feng, TAN Gan, YANG Yuan-zhi, HU Yu-hua, YANG Jin-chang, TANG Guang-da

2022, 51(6): 474-480. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.007

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Based on the List of State Key Protected Wild Plants released by National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in September 2021, the herbarium records of the key protected plants were checked in South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC), South China Agricultural University (CANT) and Chinese Virtual Herbarium (CVH). The related literature and wild survey records in recent years were reviewed to compile the new list of Guangdong key protected wild plants. The distribution patterns of these plants were also analyzed. The results showed that there were key protected wild plants 164 species (9 varieties and 2 subspecies) belonging to 57 families and 87 genera in Guangdong province, including 2 families, 2 genera and 2 species of Bryophytes, 8 families, 11 genera and 24 species of Lycophytes and Ferns, 46 families, 73 genera and 137 species (9 varieties and 2 subspecies) of Spermatophytes. Ten species are primary protected plants and 13 species are endemic to Guangdong. The largest number family of these key protected plants is Orchidaceae (36 species), followed by Fabaceae (22 species), including Ormosia (17 species), Dendrobium (13 species), Cymbidium (9 species). The distribution patterns showed the district ranking of species richness (Northern Guangdong > Pearl River Delta> Western Guangdong > Eastern Guangdong) and three diversity centers of protected species. In northern Guangdong, Ruyuan county is the most abundant (64 key protected species); in western Guangdong, Xinyi and Yangchun county are the most abundant, with 51 and 50 key protected species respectively; in the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou is the most abundant (48 key protected species); and only a few protected plants are distributed in eastern Guangdong, with all counties and cities less than 25 species. The list of the key protected species will provide detailed reference for the scientific investigation, conservation planning, in situ and ex situ conservation of nature reserves and forest parks in Guangdong province.

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Rare and Endangered Plant Resources in Luofu Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve, Guangdong

WEN Zhi-tao, LIN Jin-fan, WANG Chu-cheng, MIAO Shen-yu, YUAN Shou-qian, LIU Chuang

2022, 51(6): 481-488. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.008

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Field research was used to study the rare and endangered plant resources of Luofu Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve. The findings revealed that Luofu Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve of Guangdong had rare and endangered plants 84 species belonging to 60 genera in 29 families, of which 37 species of 29 genera in 21 families were national key protected wild plants; of which 10 species of 9 genera in 7 families were key protected wild plants of Guangdong province; of which 15 species of 14 genera and 14 families were rare and endangered plants in China Plant Red Data Book; There were 50 species of 33 genera in 5 families plants in CITES list. It was important to investigate the current status of rare and endangered plant resources, as well as protection strategies, in Luofu Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve of Guangdong. In this way, we can protect and use the reserve’s plant resources while also managing the protection of rare and endangered plants.

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New Records of Bryophytes in Jiulianshan Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province

XU Guo-liang, YUAN Xi-hua, LI Zi-lin, ZENG Xiao-hui, HU Xian-hua, LIU Jin

2022, 51(6): 489-492. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.009

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Four species of bryophytes were reported as new records to Jiangxi Province in this study, viz. Pallavicinia subciliata (Austin) Steph., Marchantia papillata subsp. grossibarba (Steph.) Bischl., Calypogeia arguta Nees & Mont., Riccia huebeneriana Lindenb. And one species of bryophytes was reported as new records to Jiulianshan Nature Reserve. These new records were identified by a survey of bryophytes in Jiulianshan Nature Reserve. The voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium of Jiulianshan Nature Reserve.

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Two New Records of Vascular Plants in Fujian Province

WANG Tao, TIAN Li-xue, SHU Nan, MAO Zhi-wei, HE Lei, HOU Xue-liang

2022, 51(6): 493-496. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.010

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Two species were reported as new records of vascular plants in Fujian province, including Pronephrium parishii (Bedd.) Holtt., belonging to Thelypteridaceae, and Rubus glandulosocarpus M. X. Nie, belonging to Rosaceae, while the distribution of Rubus tsangii Merrill in Fujian Province was excluded. These new records enriched the data of plant diversity of Fujian province.

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UV-B Stress Increases Resistance of Spodoptera litura to Metarhizium anisopliae

HUANG Yuan-yuan,WANG Ming-hui, HE Li-yan, XIONG Ze-en, CHEN Jie, Shaukat ALI , MENG Jian-yu, SANG Wen

2022, 51(6): 497-504. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.011

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Metarhizium anisopliae is a broad spectrum insect pathogen, which can be used as a fungal insecticide to control various insect pests. The interaction between M. anisopliae and insects is very complex, and various factors may affect its infection effect. In this study, a strain of M. anisopliae with good insecticidal effect was obtained. The mortality, haemocyte number in haemolymph, phagocytosis and anti-fungal activity in plasma were analyzed in fungal infected Spodoptera litoptera after UV-B stress treatment. The results showed that within 4 to 8 h after treatment (UV-B stress for 0.5 h followed by infection with M. anisopliae), there was a significant increase in indicators related to the immune response. These results indicated that the sensitivity of insects to entomopathogenic fungi was affected by UV-B stress, and UV-B could change the immune response of insects, making them resistant to pathogenic fungi.

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Research Progress on the Genetic Breeding and Cultivation of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

WANG Xiang-yu, AN Chang, QIN Yuan, ZHANG Wen-bin, SU Wei-qiang, WANG Xiao-mei, ZHENG Ping

2022, 51(6): 505-514. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.06.012

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Passion fruit is a variety of advantageous fruit trees that can drive the production of the whole industry chain and create high economic value. It has become a kind of popular fruit tree with priority development in provinces and regions of Southern China and Southeast Asian countries, and the cultivation area continues increasing. This paper mainly summarizes and introduces the relevant research progress on the passion fruit genetic breeding, cultivation technology, pest control, fruit storage and transportation, and looks forward to the future research trend of passion fruit, providing reference information for passion fruit in the future selection of excellent varieties, efficient cultivation technology innovation and modern breeding work.

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