Subtropical Plant Science

Responses of Nicotine Key Enzyme Activities and Gene Expression to Compound Fertilizer Dosage and its Proportion in Basal Fertilizer

ZHOU Jun-cheng, GUO Ya-li, CHEN Fa-yuan, ZHANG Heng, ZHU Di, PENG San-xi, GAO Huan-ye

2022, 51(5): 331-339. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.001

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In order to explore the effect of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer dosage and base fertilizer ratio on the activities of nicotine metabolism key enzymes in roots, i.e. ODC, ADC, MPO, PMT and QPRT, and the expression of genes NtODC and NtADC in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum plants were carried out. In this experiment, a field test was adopted, using ‘Yunyan 87’ as the material, and 3 levels of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer dosage (6.25 kg·667 m–2, 8.25 kg·667 m–2and 10.25 kg·667 m–2) and 3 basal fertilizer ratios (50%, 60% and 70%). The results showed that the effects of different compound fertilizer amounts and basal fertilizer ratios on nicotine key enzyme activities and gene expression were different in each growth period; before the peak period, different compound fertilizer amounts and basal fertilizer ratios had different effects on the activities of ODC, ADC, PMT and QPRT. The significance analysis did not reach a significant level, while the activity of MPO before the peak period generally showed a downward trend with the increase of the compound fertilizer amount, and showed a single peak change with the increase of the base fertilizer ratio. After sprouting, the activities of ODC and MPO performed better at high compound fertilizer rates, and the more suitable basal fertilizer ratios were 50% and 60%, respectively; ADC activity was better with conventional compound fertilizer dosage, and for the same compound fertilizer rate, the ADC activity was higher when the base fertilizer ratio was 50% in general; while the PMT activity was better when the base fertilizer ratio was 70% under the conventional and high compound fertilizer dosages; The activity of QPRT decreased with the increase of base fertilizer proportion under conventional compound fertilizer, but increased with the increase of base fertilizer proportion under high compound fertilizer dosage. The expression levels of nicotine genes NtADC and NtODC in the prosperous and budding periods were generally higher under high compound fertilizer dosage and low basal fertilizer ratio, followed by conventional fertilization.

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Photosynthetic Response to Light and CO2 of Saraca dives

XU Gui-hong, YANG Lei-lei, CHEN Peng, LI Ling-fei, QIN Mi

2022, 51(5): 340-344. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.002

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The light and CO2 response curves in leaves of Saraca dives were studied through potted control experiments. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of S. dives increased with the increase of light intensity at a certain light intensity, and showed photoinhibition under strong light. The light saturation point of S. dives was 541.23 μmol·m–2·s–1; the light compensation point was 10.20 μmol·m–2·s–1; the dark respiration rate was 1.01 μmol·m–2·s–1; the apparent quantum efficiency was 0.0247 mol·mol–1. Under the saturated light intensity, the net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and intercellular CO2 concentration of S. dives increased with the increase of CO2 concentration. The CO2 saturation point of S. dives was 1608.04 μmol·mol–1, the CO2 compensation point was 82.25 μmol·mol–1, the photorespiration rate was 0.94 μmol·m–2·s–1, and the apparent carboxylation efficiency was 0.0247 mol·mol–1. It provided a reference for the cultivation, popularization and application of S. dives.

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Comparative Study on Fruiting Branch Biological Characters and Fruit Quality of Different Grape Varieties under One-year-two-harvest

ZHANG Xue-qin, LIN Li-xia, XIE Zhi-nan, LAI Rui-yun, ZHONG Zan-hua, LIN Jian-zhong

2022, 51(5): 345-350. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.003

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The fruiting branch biological characters and fruit quality of different grape varieties were studied under the cultivation model of one-year-two-harvest in greenhouse. The results showed that the biological characters and spica numbers of per branch in different grape variety were no difference. The spica length and fruit cluster numbers of single plant in the first harvest was higher than that in the second harvest. The biological characters of fruit such as weight of single cluster and single grain, fruit transverse diameters and longitudinal diameters in the second harvest were lower than those in the first harvest. While the interior quality of fruits such as the contents of soluble solid, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, titratable acid and vitamin C in the second harvest were higher than those in the first harvest. In Fujian province, ‘Jumeigui’ and ‘Summer Black’ were more suitable for cultivation and popularization than ‘Kyoho’ under the model of one-year-two-harvest. The fruit qualities and economic benefits were improved by application of key cultivation techniques of one-year-two-harvest to regulate the grape production period.

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Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on the Growth Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco Seedlings

LEI Gang, LIAN Yun, LIU Jin-liang

2022, 51(5): 351-361. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.004

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The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and combined application on the growth of flue-cured tobacco seedlings were studied and the fertilization technology of flue-cured tobacco seedlings was optimized in this paper. Using floating seedlings of the new flue-cured tobacco cultivar Guiyan 202 as the test material, the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth of flue-cured tobacco seedlings were studied by N, P2O5, K2O single-factor random block test and three-factor five-level quadratic regression almost orthogonal rotation combination test. The results showed that N, P2O5, K2O and their combined application treatments had significant effects on the growth indexes of flue-cured tobacco seedlings. However, the concentrations of P2O5 and K2O had no significant effects on the number of leaves; the higher N concentration, the more significant the effect on the leaf area of tobacco seedlings. The higher N concentration, the larger leaf area in the early stage of tobacco seedlings. While the concentrations of P2O5 and K2O had little effect on the leaf area, and with the growth of tobacco seedlings, the leaf area and the concentrations of P2O5 and K2O first increased and then decreased; Compared with the concentration of N, P2O5 and K2O, it first increased and then decreased. The reasonable ratios of N, P2O5 and K2O could improve the leaf number, stem diameter, seedling height and leaf area of flue-cured tobacco seedlings, and promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco seedlings. From the above growth indexes, the combination treatment of high nitrogen and medium phosphorus and potassium had the best effect in this experiment, when the concentrations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the nutrient solution were 10.50–12.00 mmol·L–1, 4.50–5.25 mmol·L–1 and 10.50 mmol·L–1, respectively.

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Quantitative Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Leaves of Typical Chinese Fir Forests in Shimen National Forest Park and Their Correlation with Soil Fertility

LAI Wu-ting, MA Hong-yan, ZHANG Hua, ZHU Zi-piao, MO Zhi-an, ZHANG Hui-lin

2022, 51(5): 362-367. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.005

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In order to explore the relationship between leaf nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) contents and soil pH, organic matter, N, P, K contents of typical Chinese fir forest in Shimen National Forest Park of Guangzhou City, different ages and slope positions of Cunninghamia lanceolata forest were selected as the research object in the park. And the correlation between the nutrition of Chinese fir leaves and the content of corresponding nutrient elements in soil was also analyzed. The results showed that the order of N, P and K contents in different stand ages was N > K > P. The contents of N in near mature and mature forests were higher than those in middle aged forests, but K contents were lower in middle aged forests. There was no significant difference in phosphorus content among different forest ages. The N, P and K contents of Chinese fir leaves at different slope positions showed no regularity and no significant difference. The contents of N, P and K in Chinese fir leaves at the same slope position were consistent with the contents of N, P and K in soil at the corresponding slope position. The ratio of N:P of Chinese fir leaves increased with the increase of the forest age, while the N:K and P:K ratios increased first and then decreased with the increase of the forest age. There were significant differences in N:P ratio between middle-aged forests and mature forests, and significant differences in N:K and P:K ratios between middle-aged forests and near-mature forests. The N:P ratio of Chinese fir leaves at different stand ages and slope positions were all less than 14, and the growth of Chinese fir in the experimental area was limited by N but not by K. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between total phosphorus and total nitrogen and potassium, negative correlation between soil pH value and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in Chinese fir leaves, positive correlation between soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in Chinese fir leaves, and positive correlation between soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and corresponding elements content in Chinese fir leaves.

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Quality Evaluation of Public Welfare Forest in Yingde City

TAN Jun-jie, HUANG Hua-rong

2022, 51(5): 368-373. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.006

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This study used the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the forest quality of public welfare forests in Yingde City, Guangdong Province. According to the productivity status, stand stability, and soil conditions, nine indicators such as average diameter at breast height, average tree height, and canopy density were selected, and a public welfare forest quality evaluation index system was established and graded. The results showed that the comprehensive quality grade of the public welfare forest in Yingde was good, and the productivity was excellent. The overall age group of public welfare forests were dominated by young and middle aged forests, and the area of near mature and over mature forests with good ecological benefits were relatively low. The comprehensive forest quality evaluation of public welfare forests in all age groups increased with the increasing of age composition maturity. From the weight of evaluation indicators, the productivity status was the most important indicator to evaluate the impact of public welfare forests. The canopy density, forest community structure and litter thickness were important indicators to evaluate the impact of productivity, stand stability and soil conditions on public welfare forests. It was suggested that in the future construction and management of public welfare forests, the forest structure of public welfare forests should be optimized, and the forest types and age groups should be strategically adjusted. Under the condition of not changing the existing vegetation coverage and canopy density as far as possible, appropriate thinning, replanting, and replanting should be carried out to improve the quality of forests. Long term continuous monitoring of public welfare forests should be carried out to master the dynamic change law of the quality of public welfare forests.

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The Selection of Cultivation Substrate for Hydrangea macrophylla

KANG Kai-li, TU Ji-hong, LIANG Yu-ting, YU Jing-fu, WANG Pu

2022, 51(5): 374-379. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.007

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In order to study the physical and chemical properties of different proportions of substrates and their effects on plant growth, peat, pine scale, cassava residue and earthworm manure were mixed according to different volume ratios. Planting soil was used as the control, and Hydrangea macrophylla was used as the test material. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, biomass accumulation and leaf SPAD value of H. macrophylla were significantly higher than those of the control and other treatments when the substrate ratio was cassava residue : peat =75:25 (V/V). The principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive score of cassava residue : peat =75:25 (V/V) matrix was the highest, and the growth condition of H. macrophylla was the best in the mixed substrate. The correlation analysis showed that the plant height, leaf area and shoot dry weight of H. macrophylla were significantly positively correlated with the EC value of the substrate, and negatively correlated with the void ratio of the substrate. Therefore, the regulation of EC value and porosity of the substrate were more conducive to the growth of H. macrophylla cutting seedlings.

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Flora of Wild Vascular Plants in Daguishan from Heyuan of Guangdong

GONG Yuan-hui, LI Quan-nian, HUANG Jiu-xiang, ZHAO Xiao-qin, CHEN Xiao-xi

2022, 51(5): 380-388. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.008

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According to field investigation, specimens collection and relevant reference, the floristic elements and areal types of families and genera of Daguishan Provincial Nature Reserve located in Heyuan city of Guangdong province were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) There were 1416 wild vascular plant species including varieties and forma, belonging to 679 genera in 190 families. In which there were 129 species of pteridophytes belonging to 64 genera in 37 families, 7 species of gymnosperms belonging to 5 genera in 5 families and 1280 species of angiosperms belonging to 610 genera in 148 families. The dominant phenomenon in family of seed plants was significant, and the composition in genus was highly dispersed. (2) The flora of vascular plants in this reserve was complex, with a predominantly tropical composition. At family level, there were 8 distribution types and 8 variety-types of seed plants. There were 9 distribution types of pteridophytes. At genus level, there were 14 distribution types and 15 variety-types of seed plants. The pteridophytes belonged to 9 distribution types. (3) Comparing the Daguishan Nature Reserve with three neighboring reserves in Guangdong province, the results showed that Heyuan Daguishan had the highest synthetical index of flora and the second highest phylogenetic differentiation, indicating that the plants in this reserve were relatively rich and should be more strictly protected.

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Three New Records of Angiosperms to Guangdong Province

JIANG Yuan-yuan, LIU Zhong-cheng, PENG Xiu-li, ZHAO Wan-yi, LIAO Wen-bo

2022, 51(5): 389-393. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.009

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Three taxa, i.e. Fimbristylis dipsacea var. verruciferai (Maxim.) T. Koyama (Cyperaceae), Camellia?pilosperma S. Y. Ling ex Chang (Theaceae) and Rhomboda?moulmeinensis (E. C. Parish & H. G. Reichenbach) Ormerod (Orchiacaeae) were reported as new records to Guangdong province. The morphological description, and habitat and distribution of above three species were also provided.

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Didymoglossum, a Newly Recorded Genus of Ferns from Jiangxi, China

ZHAO Cong-qi, WU Yan, ZHAO Wan-yi, DING Xue-song, XU Guo-liang

2022, 51(5): 394-396. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.010

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Didymoglossum?Desv. as a new recorded genus and Didymoglossum sublimbatum (Müller Berol.) Ebihara & K. Iwats. as a new recorded species from Jiangxi province were reported. The new records were identified by a survey of ferns in Jiulianshan Nature Reserve, and the significance of this discovery was also discussed in this paper.

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A Simple Method of Making Leaf Vein Specimens and Using Image J Software to Analyze the Characteristics of Leaf Vein

QUAN Chang-bin, YAO Yu-xian, MO Guang-you

2022, 51(5): 397-404. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.011

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The leaves of 12 species of plants were treated with 5% potassium hydroxide boiling water bath, and the mesophyll and epidermis were separated by ultrasonic cleaning. The leaf vein was prepared by bleaching and dyeing. The specimens were imaged using digital camera and microscope, and the images were analyzed using the macro analysis steps of Image J software MINA tool. The density, branches density, junction density and end-point voxels density of leaf veins of 12 plants were measured, and the accuracy of the measurement results was verified by manual tracking. The results showed that the experimental method could quickly obtain clear and complete vein network structure, and use Image J software MINA tool macro analysis steps to analyze the vein. Compared with the traditional sodium hydroxide tissue transparency method, this experimental method had shorter processing time, complete and clear leaf vein network structure, and the leaf vein density could be accurately measured by Image J software.

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Visual Analysis of Effects of Nutrients on Plant Drought Responses Based on Bibliometrics

ZHAO Yong-ju, OUYANG Sheng-nan, TIE Lie-hua, CUI Yong, DUAN Hong-lang

2022, 51(5): 405-416. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.05.012

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Under global climate change, increasing number of studies indicate that the intensity and frequency of drought will continue to increase globally in the future, becoming the main factor restricting plant growth and leading to plant death. Many studies had found that nutrient addition could affect plant responses to drought stress, but there was a lack of literature tracking and visualization studies. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis on relevant research papers searched in Web of Science, mainly using bibliometric methods and R bibliometric packages. The results showed that the number of published papers on the effects of fertilization on plant drought responses continued to increase from 2008 to 2021, with the most rapid increase since 2018. Northwest A&F University had the largest number of publications in this field (43), and there was a close cooperative relationship among various institutions. Most of the research papers were published in agricultural and forestry journals, among which Agronomy-Basel had the largest number of papers and Global Change Biology had the highest H-index. The most frequent keywords during the 14 years included drought, climate change, fertilization, nitrogen, yield and water use efficiency. The results of cluster analysis showed that in a series of studies on the effects of nutrient addition on plant response to drought, researchers focused on the water use efficiency, plant yield and plant physiological dynamics. Based on the background of global climate change, we predicted that the mechanism of nutrient addition affecting plant drought response would be an important research direction in this field in the future.

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