Abstract: To investigate the floral bud differentiation process in different petal types of Cerasus campanulata, flower developments of three varieties were observed by paraffin sectioning method in this study, i.e. the single-petaled type Cerasus ×kanzakura ‘Praecox’, double-petaled type C. campanulata ‘Double-flowered’ and semi-double-petaled type C. kanzakura×campanulata ‘Satis in Pink’. The results demonstrated that all three varieties underwent six distinct stages of floral bud differentiation: initial differentiation period, inflorescence primordium differentiation period, sepal differentiation period, petal differentiation period, stamen differentiation period, and pistil differentiation period. During the petal and stamen differentiation stages, the three varieties showed significant regularity. The petal differentiation period progressively lengthened in the varieties ‘Praecox’, ‘Satis in Pink’, and ‘Double-flowered’, while the stamen differentiation period gradually shortened. It is believed that the formation of double flower of C. campanulata varieties mainly comes from stamen petal, which belongs to the origin of pistil and stamen. The semi-double-petaled ‘Satis in Pink’ had a floral bud differentiation cycle of 98 days, the single-petaled ‘Praecox’ took 105 days, and the double-petaled ‘Double-flowered’ required 112 days. The differentiation process in various floral forms of C. campanulata was largely similar, with stamen petalization contributing to the development of double flowers. This study provides a morphological basis for further investigation into the causes and molecular mechanisms underlying double flower formation in C. campanulata.

Key words: Cerasus campanulata, flower bud differentiation, stamen petalization, flower types

摘要： 为探究福建山樱花不同瓣型的花芽分化过程，本研究采用石蜡切片法对福建山樱花单瓣型品种‘寒樱’ Cerasus × kanzakura ‘Praecox’、重瓣型品种‘牡丹樱’ C. campanulata ‘Double-flowered’ 和半重瓣型品种‘红粉佳人’ C. kanzakura × campanulata ‘Satis in Pink’的花芽分化过程进行系统观察。结果表明，3个品种福建山樱花均经历6个完整的花芽分化时期，包括始分化期、花序原基分化期、萼片分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期和雌蕊分化期。在花瓣与雄蕊分化阶段，三者呈现规律性变化。‘寒樱’、‘红粉佳人’、‘牡丹樱’的花瓣分化期逐步延长，而雄蕊分化期则逐步缩短。重瓣花型的形成与雄蕊瓣化密切相关，表明福建山樱花的重瓣花型可能来源于雄蕊瓣化，属于雌雄蕊起源。半重瓣型品种‘红粉佳人’花芽分化周期为98 d，单瓣型品种‘寒樱’为105 d，重瓣型品种‘牡丹樱’则为112 d。不同花型福建山樱花分化过程相似，且雄蕊瓣化参与了重瓣花型的形成，为进一步研究福建山樱花重瓣花型形成机制奠定形态学基础。

关键词: 福建山樱花, 花芽分化, 雄蕊瓣化, 花型