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31 December 2024, Volume 53 Issue 6 Previous Issue   
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Estimation of Genome Sizes of Pistacia chinensis by Flow Cytometry and Genome Survey ZHOU Mei-jun, YIN Yue, ZHANG Yong-hong 2024, 53(6): 495-502.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (4084KB) ( )   Pistacia chinensis, a deciduous tree of the genus Pistacia (Anacardiaceae), is an important oil plant resource for its seeds being rich in oil. It has value in wood production and landscape too. Until now, no relevant information on the whole genome of P. chinensis has been found, which limits its resource utilization and germplasm innovation. To determine the whole genome sequencing strategy of P. chinensis, flow cytometry combined with high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to estimate the genome size of this species. The results were as follows: (1) The genome sizes of P. chinensis were estimated to be approximately 480 Mb and 406 Mb by flow cytometry using Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana as internal references, respectively. (2) 86 Gb of raw data were produced in next-generation sequencing and approximately 85 Gb of clean data were obtained after filtering. (3) NT database comparison found no exogenous pollution in the sequencing data, with five most math species belonging to Anacardiaceae. Pistacia vera, a congeneric species, had the highest sequence similarity with P. chinensis. (4) K-mer analysis showed that the genome size of P. chinensis was 418 Mb with a heterozygosity level of 1.89% and repetitive sequences ratio of 57.5%. The results revealed that the genome of P. chinensis was a complex genome with high heterozygosity and repetitive rates. It is recommended to combine PacBio sequencing technology and Hi-C sequencing in genome assembling with specific concern on heterozygous regions. This study provides valuable reference and important database for the genomics of P. chinensis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome Size Estimation of Uraria lagopodioides and Christia vespertilionis (Fabaceae) by Flow Cytometry GAO Ying-jie, MIAO Jia, HUANG Xiang, ZHAO Xue-li 2024, 53(6): 503-511.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (808KB) ( )   This study aimed to determine the genome size of medicinal plants Uraria lagopodioides and Christia vespertilionis (Fabaceae), and to explore the appropriate experimental conditions. We screened five nuclear dissociation buffer and two methods for preparing nuclear suspensions, and then we estimated the genome size of both species by flow cytometry using the most appropriate experimental conditions with Zea mays as an internal standard plant. The results revealed that MGB was a suitable nuclear dissociation buffer for flow cytometry of both plants, and filtering through the 40 μm mesh for three times or centrifugation at 1000 r·min–1 was the appropriate method for preparing nuclear suspensions. The genome size of U. lagopodioides and C. vespertilionis were estimated to be 0.69 Gb and 0.64 Gb, respectively. Genome size estimation and the exploration of suitable experimental conditions for flow cytometry in this study can provide reference for the genomics, genetic evolution, and resource development of U. lagopodioides and C. vespertilionis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Exogenous Gibberellin on Rice Seed Germination and Seedling Growth under Salt Stress QIAO Jiao 2024, 53(6): 512-519.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (475KB) ( )   This experiment investigated the effects of different concentrations of gibberellin (25, 50, 100 mg·L–1) on rice seed germination and seedling growth under sodium chloride stress. The results showed that during the seed germination stage, exogenous gibberellin enhances the germination of rice seeds under salt stress, with an increase in germination vigor, germination rate, and germination index, and a decrease in relative damage rate. During the growth stage of seedlings, morphological analysis showed that exogenous gibberellin alleviated the inhibition of salt stress on seedling growth, resulting in an increase in plant height, root length, root tip number, and leaf area; Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that exogenous gibberellin improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rice leaves under salt stress, reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves, increased the content of photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, enhanced photosynthesis, increased the effective quantum yield of PSⅡ [Y(Ⅱ)] and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and decreased the non photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ). In summary, exogenous gibberellin soaking treatment significantly promoted the germination of rice seeds under salt stress, the effects of sodium chloride stress on seedling growth and development was significantly reduced after spraying exogenous gibberellin, and the optimal concentration of gibberellin was 50 mg·L–1. The research results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing rice cultivation in saline soil. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Drought Stress on Root Morphological in Seedlings of Five Species of Garden Plants CHEN Xiao-xi, ZHANG Yan-jing, LAI Can, WU Jia, TAN Can-can, GUO Wei, ZHAN Guo-qiang, SUN Yan-jun 2024, 53(6): 520-526.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (2269KB) ( )   This study investigated the effects of drought stress on the root morphological of urban trees. Two-years-old seedlings of Delonix regia, Spathodea campanulata, Camphora officinarum, Terminalia neotaliala and Ceiba speciosa were used as research subjects. And the changes in root morphology were compared across the different levels of drought stress. The results showed that with the increase of drought stress intensity, the total root length and average connection length of C. officinarum under CK treatment were significantly reduced compared to M and S treatment, and the branch density was significantly increased (P<0.05); The average connection length of T. neotaliala significantly decreased, and the branch density significantly increased. Under drought stress, most root architecture indicators showed a highly significant correlation (P<0.01). As drought stress increased, the correlations among root traits also intensified, particularly under severe drought conditions, where a strong correlation was observed between total root length and the number of root forks. This indicated that under drought stress, tree resource allocation patterns may change significantly, affecting the interrelationships among various root traits. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and maximum variance rotation, the primary structural indicators identified were the number of root forks, total root length, and root crossings. The comprehensive scores of the species in response to drought stress were ranked in descending order as follows: Terminalia neotaliala＞Delonix regia＞Camphora officinarum＞Spathodea campanulata＞Ceiba speciosa. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Salicylic Acid Treatment on Physiology Quality of Postharvest Longan Fruit WANG Hui-ling, SUN Jun-zheng, LIU Qing-qing, MING Yan-lin, LIN He-tong, CHEN Yi-hui 2024, 53(6): 527-536.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (802KB) ( )   Longan (Dimocarpus longan) fruit has high nutritional value. However, the fruit matures during the season of high temperature and high humidity, from July to September. The postharvest physiological metabolism of longan fruit is vigorous. After 3 or 4 days of storage at room temperature, the endocarp exhibited browning, and the pulp was breakdown, which finally caused deterioration. In this study, ‘Fuyan’ longan fruit was used as material to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) treatment on postharvest physiological quality of Phomopsis longanae-inoculated longan fruit stored at 28 ℃. The results showed that SA treatment decreased the indices of pericarp browning, pulp breakdown, and fruit weight loss percentage. On the 5th day of storage, the pericarp browning index, pulp breakdown index, and fruit weight loss rate in the treatment group of SA+P. longanae were 7.65%, 15.91%, and 24.57% lower than those of the control group of P. longanae. Meanwhile, SA treatment delayed the decrease in L* value, and contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoids, and total phenolic in the pericarp, maintained higher contents of total sugar, sucrose, total soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C in the pulp of longan fruit, and delayed the increase of titratable acids (TA) and reducing sugar contents in longan fruit. This study proved that SA treatment could maintain better physiological quality and improve the storability of harvested longan fruit. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of Selenium-enriched Dendrobium Endophytes and Its Dynamic Changes of Selenium Enrichment LIU Ru-zhen, XU Wei, LUO Zhu-hua, GUO Chi-ming, WANG Jie, LIN Wen-zhen 2024, 53(6): 537-544.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (6698KB) ( )   This study aimed to identify and characterize strains from Dendrobium officinale with high selenium tolerance and enrichment capacity, and to investigate the dynamics of selenium accumulation in these strains. The findings are intended to provide a theoretical foundation for the improvement of selenium-enriched microbial germplasm and for enhancing selenium content in plants. The strain BK-1 was initially identified through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The strain’s tolerance to sodium selenite was then evaluated, determining its maximum tolerance concentration. The ability of the strain to convert inorganic selenium into organic selenium during the enrichment process was assessed, along with measurements of total selenium content, organic selenium yield, and conversion efficiency. An optimization experiment was also conducted to establish the optimal selenium ion concentration for supplementation. Strain BK-1 was identified as Burkholderia gladioli. This strain demonstrated a high tolerance to sodium selenite, with a maximum tolerance concentration of 130 μg·mL–1. During the selenium enrichment process, strain BK-1 achieved a total selenium content of 577.74 μg·g–1 DCW (dry cell weight ) within 48 hours, with an organic selenium yield of 505.66 μg·g–1 DCW and a conversion efficiency of 87.42%. The addition of selenium ions significantly shortened the logarithmic growth phase and reduced biomass, with the optimal selenium ion concentration determined to be 50 μg·mL–1. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Gymnema sylvestre Polysaccharides and Its Activity Determination HAO Sheng-jie, HOU Hai-qing, YIN Jie, LI Hong-sen, DU Yu-xin, JIN Feng-yang, LI Qian, CHEN Gui-lin 2024, 53(6): 545-553.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (3283KB) ( )   Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvents (DESs) extraction process for Gymnema sylvestre polysaccharides was conducted to investigate its biological activity, to provide theoretical support for the development of G. sylvestre products. Using the polysaccharide extraction yield as the evaluation index, the Box-Behnken response surface method was applied to optimize the extraction process based on single-factor experiments. Additionally, the antioxidant activities of the polysaccharides were evaluated by their ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS+, FRAP, and H2O2 radicals, while the inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as antibacterial activity against several bacteria strains, were also studied. The results showed that the DESs synthesized from choline chloride and citric acid achieved the highest extraction rate. After optimization using the response surface method, under conditions where the molar ratio of choline chloride to citric acid was 1:1.02, water content was 39.32%, liquid-to-material ratio was 20.21:1, ultrasonic time was 39.23 min, ultrasonic temperature was 41.35 ℃, and ultrasonic power was 412 W, the extraction yield of G. sylvestre polysaccharides reached 29.23%, which was nearly 15 times higher than the traditional water extraction method. In vitro activity experiments demonstrated that G. sylvestre polysaccharides exhibited high antioxidant activity, broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity, and enzyme inhibition activity, showing great potential for developing novel anti-diabetic products. DESs, being environmentally friendly, efficient, and reusable as extraction media for natural products, significantly improved the extraction efficiency of G. sylvestre polysaccharides. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological Characteristics and Progress of Floral Bud Differentiation in Cerasus campanulata ZHU Xuan-yi, ZHANG Yang-ting, LI Wan-ying, LIN Wei-jie, ZHAO Kai, Zhou Yu-zhen 2024, 53(6): 554-559.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (9974KB) ( )   To investigate the floral bud differentiation process in different petal types of Cerasus campanulata, flower developments of three varieties were observed by paraffin sectioning method in this study, i.e. the single-petaled type Cerasus ×kanzakura ‘Praecox’, double-petaled type C. campanulata ‘Double-flowered’ and semi-double-petaled type C. kanzakura×campanulata ‘Satis in Pink’. The results demonstrated that all three varieties underwent six distinct stages of floral bud differentiation: initial differentiation period, inflorescence primordium differentiation period, sepal differentiation period, petal differentiation period, stamen differentiation period, and pistil differentiation period. During the petal and stamen differentiation stages, the three varieties showed significant regularity. The petal differentiation period progressively lengthened in the varieties ‘Praecox’, ‘Satis in Pink’, and ‘Double-flowered’, while the stamen differentiation period gradually shortened. It is believed that the formation of double flower of C. campanulata varieties mainly comes from stamen petal, which belongs to the origin of pistil and stamen. The semi-double-petaled ‘Satis in Pink’ had a floral bud differentiation cycle of 98 days, the single-petaled ‘Praecox’ took 105 days, and the double-petaled ‘Double-flowered’ required 112 days. The differentiation process in various floral forms of C. campanulata was largely similar, with stamen petalization contributing to the development of double flowers. This study provides a morphological basis for further investigation into the causes and molecular mechanisms underlying double flower formation in C. campanulata. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Maba Forest Park in Shaoguan and the Role of Different Silvicultural Modes in Its Remediation ZHANG Liang 2024, 53(6): 560-568.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (12289KB) ( )   In order to investigate the long-term management of industrial polluted land by vegetation restoration mode and to continuously follow up the improvement effect of soil heavy metal pollution, this study took Maba Forest Park in Qujiang District, Shaoguan City as an example, chose the local standard of Soil Environment Background Value released in 2021 as the reference value, and evaluated the degree of its contamination by using the Nemero Comprehensive Pollution Index and the Potential Ecological Risk Index. The results showed that the average content of Cd exceeded the regional background value by 14.10 times, and the coefficient of variation of Cd reached 102%, indicating that Cd appeared to be enriched and seriously disturbed by the outside world, or related to the neighbouring Shaogan Expressway passing through, and the dumping of discarded stones; 90% of the sampling points reached the level of serious contamination; and the soil heavy metal contamination of the investigated area as a whole was divided into the categories of ‘slight’, ‘ecological risk’ and ‘potential ecological risk’. Soil heavy metal pollution in the survey area is mainly ‘slight’ and ‘very strong’ ecological risk, and Cd and Pb need to be paid attention to. Different afforestation modes affected soil heavy metal content, with artificial afforestation significantly reducing soil Cr content, thinning and renovation significantly reducing soil Cr and Ni content, and replanting treatments having a relatively mild effect. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Current Status and Spatial Distribution of Ancient and Famous Trees in Xiamen City WANG Long-ping 2024, 53(6): 569-576.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (2254KB) ( )   This study analyzed the current status and spatial distribution characteristics of ancient and famous trees in Xiamen City, with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of the situation of these resources and providing a scientific basis for their protection and management. Based on data from the 2021–2023 survey of ancient and famous trees in Xiamen, the study employed a combination of GIS information technology and traditional analysis methods to examine three diversity indices of ancient and famous trees, as well as their distribution in relation to administrative regions, topography, slope, and aspect. Xiamen City has a total of 1773 ancient and famous trees registered in its records，including 11 famous trees, 68 first-grade ancient trees, 319 second-grade ancient trees, and 1375 third-grade ancient trees, belonging to 43 species of 39 genera in 27 families. The proportion of those with normal growth potential is 82.18%. The species are predominantly native, with banyan trees being the most numerous. The Shannon-Wiener (H) index for biodiversity is 1.588, the Pielou evenness index is 0.420, and the Margalef richness index is 5.882, indicating a moderate level of biodiversity. The nearest neighbor ratio for ancient and famous trees in Xiamen City is 0.30, which is less than 1, indicating a clustered spatial distribution type. The highest density is found in Gulangyu, Siming District, exceeding 26.9 trees per square kilometer. 94.6% of these trees are located on slopes less than 15 degrees, and they are evenly distributed across various aspects. Among different land use types, residential and construction land has the highest proportion of ancient and famous trees, accounting for 63.8%, followed by farmland at 29.9%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Evaluation on the Ornamental Value of 13 Paeonia lactiflora Varieties Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process YING Meng-yun, SHI Jian-yu, YE Qiu-ping, SHEN Qing-yu, YU Wen 2024, 53(6): 577-583.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (496KB) ( )   Thirteen high-quality ornamental varieties of Paeonia lactiflora were collected and observed in this study. Selecting indicators based on a comprehensive evaluation model for the ornamental value of varieties. Thirteen ornamental indicators based on flower traits, plant traits, and growth properties were selected to comprehensively evaluate the ornamental values of P. lactiflora varieties using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The results showed that according to the constructed judgment matrix, the weight of flower color, plant type, and growth potential in the indicator layer were relatively high, which was particularly important in the evaluation of the ornamental value of P. lactiflora. These varieties were divided into gradeⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ based on the comprehensive scores. The four varieties of gradeⅠhad the best ornamental effects, including ‘Xueyuanhongxing’, ‘Fengyuluojinchi’, ‘Qihualushuang’ , ‘Zhongshengfen’ , which had good adaptability and ornamental value. They were advisable to leverage their advantages for promotion. The comprehensive performance of the six varieties of grade Ⅱ was average, including ‘Moziling’, ‘Dafugui’, ‘Qingwen’, ‘Lanfushi’, ‘Luhong’, ‘Yanzixiangyang’. The comprehensive evaluation value of grade Ⅲ was relatively low, including ‘Hongfushi’, ‘Hongyanzhenghui’, ‘Zifengzhaoyang’. The comprehensive evaluation results of the ornamental value of P. lactiflora based on the analytic hierarchy process could provide reference for the application of P. lactiflora resources in ornamental horticulture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design on Vectorized Expression Scheme of Plant Microscopic Tissue Structure LIU Qing, XING Qian, CHE Su-rong 2024, 53(6): 584-591.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (2273KB) ( )   Based on traditional plant microstructure schematic drawing, this study explored a vectorized expression scheme with the aim of overcoming the shortcomings of ink line drawing, reducing workload, enhancing expressiveness, and improving the efficiency of reading diagrams. Using the computer vector graphics software CorelDRAW, we took photos of plant microstructure cross-sections as the basis and combined them with conventional practices for drawing plant ink line drawing. The outlines of plant structural features were drew without adding hatching lines, crosshatching, or random dots for filling styles. Instead, appropriate color blocks and necessary colored lines were used to represent the structural characteristics of plant microstructures. This method was successfully used to create vector expression diagrams of plant microscopic tissue structure, and six color-matching techniques were summarized. The vector expression diagram of plant microscopic tissue structure drawn using this method is easy to operate and modify. It reduced workload, improved the efficiency of reading diagrams, and had minimal impact on structural features when zooming in or out, making it convenient for editing and printing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Hedychium Cultivar ‘Fensi’ WANG Jin-ying 2024, 53(6): 592-594.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.06.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (2324KB) ( )   Hedychium ‘Fensi’ is a new cultivar developed through artificial cross-pollination between the wild species white-flowered Hedychium coronarium (as the female parent) and the cultivar Hedychium ‘Fireflies’ (as the male parent). It was selected from individual plants of the F1 generation and propagated through division. This cultivar has high ornamental value. The flowers are elegant in color, with pale yellow labellums and pink centers. The filaments are slender and pink, creating a warm yet refreshing color scheme that remains unchanged until the flowers wilt. Another notable feature is the filamentous wrinkles on the labellums, which are distinctly different from those of its parents, hence the name ‘Fensi’. The average height of a two-year-old mature plant is 105.2 cm, which is between the height of the female parent (258.3 cm) and the male parent (100.1 cm). The fragrance of the flowers is slightly less intense than that of the female parent, while the male parent has no fragrance. References | Related Articles | Metrics