Population Structure Characteristics of Cycas taiwaniana, an Extremely Small Population Wild Plant in
Jianfengling Area

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.06.009

Subtropical Plant Science ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 672-681.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2025.06.009

• Research articles • Previous Articles Next Articles

Population Structure Characteristics of Cycas taiwaniana, an Extremely Small Population Wild Plant in Jianfengling Area

SU Hong-hua¹, LI Zi-li¹, LUO Wen¹, XIE Chun-ping^2*, SU Hai-feng¹, LUO Chang-an¹

(1. Jianfengling Branch of Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park Administation, Ledong 572542, Hainan China; 2. Tropical Biodiversity and Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou 571127, Hainan China)

Received:2025-09-07 Accepted:2025-10-20 Online:2025-12-31 Published:2025-12-31
Contact: XIE Chun-ping

尖峰岭地区极小种群野生植物闽粤苏铁种群结构特征

苏红华¹，李自力¹，罗文¹，谢春平^2*，苏海峰¹，罗长安¹

(1. 海南热带雨林国家公园管理局尖峰岭分局，海南乐东 572542；2. 琼台师范学院热带生物多样性与资源利用实验室，
海南海口 571127)

通讯作者: 谢春平
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金(725RC789)；海南国家公园研究院科研项目(KY-23ZK10)

Abstract

Abstract: Cycas taiwaniana, a national Class I key protected wild plant in China, has experienced a sharp population decline in its native Hainan Island due to human disturbance and habitat fragmentation, necessitating urgent conservation efforts. This study aims to investigate the distribution, structure, and dynamics of C. taiwaniana populations in Jianfengling area to provide a scientific basis for its in-situ conservation and sustainable management. Through field surveys and population ecological analysis, we systematically investigated the population distribution of C. taiwaniana in the Jianfengling area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, classified age structures based on stem height, constructed static life tables, and applied population dynamics indices and time-series forecasting to analyze age structure, survival characteristics, and future development trends of the population. The results showed that the C. taiwaniana population in Jianfengling exhibited a patchy distribution, with a total of 504 individuals measured. They were mainly concentrated in sunny secondary forests or along riverbanks at elevations of 300–499 m and slopes of 16°–25°, showing a preference for low-altitude, moderately sloped, and mid-slope sunny habitats. The age structure was spindle-shaped, with mid-age classes (III and IV) comprising 50.8% of individuals, while young and old age classes accounted for 46.0% and 3.2%, respectively, indicating insufficient juvenile recruitment and scarcity of older individuals. The static life table revealed high seedling mortality and significant survival pressure on mature individuals, with life expectancy decreasing from 4.44 years to 0.50 years. Population dynamics indices (Ⅴpi=14.74%, Ⅴpi′=0.61%) suggested overall stability, but external disturbances significantly suppressed growth, and time-series forecasting indicated a future risk of decline. The C. taiwaniana population faces high early mortality and a risk of later decline, with overall stability being fragile; integrated conservation strategies, including habitat restoration, artificial propagation, genetic conservation, and community-based management, are proposed to improve population structure and habitat conditions, supporting its in-situ conservation and sustainable management.

Key words: Cycas taiwaniana, distribution characteristics, quantitative dynamics, survival curve, time series forecasting

摘要： 闽粤苏铁Cycas taiwaniana作为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生植物，在海南岛原产地因人类活动干扰和生境破碎化导致种群数量急剧下降，亟需开展针对性保护研究。本研究旨在揭示尖峰岭地区闽粤苏铁种群的分布格局、结构特征及动态规律，为其就地保护和可持续管理提供科学依据。通过野外踏查与种群生态学分析，系统调查了海南热带雨林国家公园尖峰岭片区闽粤苏铁的种群分布，以茎高划分年龄结构，编制静态生命表，结合种群动态指数和时间序列预测法，分析种群年龄结构、存活特征及发展趋势。结果表明，尖峰岭地区闽粤苏铁种群呈斑块状分布，调查到个体总数504株，主要集中于海拔300～499 m、坡度16°～25°的阳坡次生林下及河沟旁，偏好低海拔、适度斜坡及中坡位阳坡生境；种群年龄结构呈纺锤形，中龄级(Ⅲ、Ⅳ龄级)个体占50.8%，低龄级、高龄级个体分别占46.0%、3.2%，显示幼体补充不足和高龄个体稀缺；静态生命表显示，幼苗阶段死亡率高，成熟个体存活压力大，期望寿命从4.44年降至0.50年；种群动态指数(Vpi=14.74%，Vpi′=0.61%)显示种群整体趋于稳定，但外界干扰显著抑制增长，时间序列预测表明该种群未来存在衰退风险。综上，尖峰岭地区闽粤苏铁种群面临早期高死亡率和后期衰退风险，整体稳定性脆弱。据此提出生境修复、人工繁育、遗传保护及社会管理等综合保护措施，以改善种群结构和生境条件，为闽粤苏铁就地保护和可持续管理提供科学支撑。

关键词: 闽粤苏铁, 分布特征, 数量动态, 存活曲线, 时间序列预测

CLC Number:

Q948

SU Hong-hua, LI Zi-li, LUO Wen, XIE Chun-ping, SU Hai-feng, LUO Chang-an. Population Structure Characteristics of Cycas taiwaniana, an Extremely Small Population Wild Plant in Jianfengling Area[J]. Subtropical Plant Science, 2025, 54(6): 672-681.

苏红华, 李自力, 罗文, 谢春平, 苏海峰, 罗长安. 尖峰岭地区极小种群野生植物闽粤苏铁种群结构特征[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2025, 54(6): 672-681.

References

[1] Xie C, Li M, Jim C Y, Chen R. Distribution pattern of endangered Cycas taiwaniana Carruth. in China under climate-change scenarios using the MaxEnt model [J]. Plants, 2025, 14(11): 1600.

[2] 高兆蔚. 福建野生台湾苏铁的保护[J]. 中国野生植物资源, 2003, 22(3): 36–37.

[3] 王定跃. 苏铁科形态结构、系统分类与演化研究[D]. 南京: 南京林业大学硕士学位论文, 2000.

[4] Feng X Y, Wang X H, Chiang Y C, Jian S G, Gong X. Species delimitation with distinct methods based on molecular data to elucidate species boundaries in the Cycas taiwaniana complex (Cycadaceae) [J]. Taxon, 2021, 70(3): 477–491.

[5] 邓朝义. 两种野生苏铁多样性变异研究[J]. 贵州林业科技, 1999, 27(2): 49–50.

[6] 席辉辉, 王祎晴, 潘跃芝, 许恬, 湛青青, 刘健, 冯秀彦, 龚洵. 中国苏铁属植物资源和保护[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(7): 69–81.

[7] Wang X H, Wu W, Jian S G. Transcriptome analysis of two radiated Cycas species and the subsequent species delimitation of the Cycas taiwaniana complex[J]. Applications in Plant Sciences, 2019, 7(10): e11292.

[8] Wu L X, Xu H Y, Jian S G, Gong X, Feng X Y. Geographic factors and climatic fluctuation drive the genetic structure and demographic history of Cycas taiwaniana (Cycadaceae), an endemic endangered species to Hainan Island in China [J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2022, 12(11): e9508.

[9] Wang X H, Li J, Zhang L M, He Z W, Mei Q M, Gong X, Jian S G. Population differentiation and demographic history of the Cycas taiwaniana Complex (Cycadaceae) endemic to South China as indicated by DNA sequences and microsatellite markers [J]. Frontiers in Genetics, 2019, 10: 1238.

[10] 李蒙, 周烨玺, 杨永. 基于最新裸子植物分类系统的中国裸子植物物种编目[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 48(4): 49–66.

[11] Hossain M K, Hossain M A, Hossain S, Rahman M R, Hossain M I, Nath S K, Siddiqui M B N. Status and conservation needs of Cycas pectinata Buch.-Ham. in its natural habitat at Baroiyadhala National Park, Bangladesh [J]. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2021, 13(8): 19070–19078.

[12] James H E, Forster P I, Lamont R W, Shapcott A. Conservation genetics and demographic analysis of the endangered cycad species Cycas megacarpa and the impacts of past habitat fragmentation [J]. Australian Journal of Botany, 2018, 66(2): 173–189.

[13] Wei L, Wang G, Liang H, Pan Y, Chen X, Huang Q. Predicting the potential suitable habitat for China’s endangered plant Cycas sexseminifera based on the MaxEnt model [J]. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2025, 57(1): 163–171.

[14] 杨小波, 陈玉凯, 李东海, 莫燕妮. 海南珍稀保护植物图鉴与分布特征研究[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2016.

[15] 谢春平, 吴昌魁, 付桂, 赖水发, 方彦, 王华晨. 五指山地区海南苏铁种群结构特征与动态[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2019, 39(1): 77–85.

[16] 吴二焕, 李东海, 杨小波, 左永令, 杨宁. 海南苏铁野生种群分布特点及种群动态研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2021(4): 130–137.

[17] 刘念, 谢建光. 台湾苏铁的分布及模式产地[J]. 植物分类学报, 2007, 45(2): 246–250.

[18] 吴二焕, 李东海, 杨小波, 左永令, 李龙, 张培春, 陈琳, 田路嘉, 李晨笛. 海南苏铁种群结构与森林群落郁闭度的关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(11): 1461–1469.

[19] 罗文, 李艳朋, 许涵, 秦文豪, 刘大业, 莫世琴. 海南热带雨林国家公园极小种群野生植物坡垒适生群落特征研究[J]. 林业资源管理, 2023(4): 98–106.

[20] 卢俊培, 吴仲民. 海南岛尖峰岭地区土壤类型及其数值分析[J]. 林业科学研究, 1989, 2(6): 517–526.

[21] 张金峰, 葛树森, 梁金花, 李俊清. 长白山阔叶红松林红松种群年龄结构与数量动态特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(6): 667–677.

[22] Yáñez-Espinosa L, Sosa-Sosa F. Population structure of Dioon purpusii rose in Oaxaca, Mexico [J]. Neotropical Biology and Conservation, 2007, 2(1): 46–54.

[23] 郑静楠, 郑进烜, 王勇, 吴富勤, 董磊, 郭汝平, 苏贤海. 滇南苏铁种群结构与分布格局研究[J]. 林业调查规划, 2023, 48(6): 108–113.

[24] 陈晓德. 植物种群与群落结构动态量化分析方法研究[J]. 生态学报, 1998, 18(2): 214–217.

[25] Liu D, Guo Z, Cui X, Fan C. Estimation of the population dynamics of Taxus cuspidata by using a static life table for its conservation [J]. Forests, 2023, 14(11): 2194.

[26] 高洪治, 黄欣, 宿昊, 乔鹏飞, 姜在民, 申耀荣, 蔡靖. 秦岭两地区红桦种群结构与动态特征[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2022, 44(9): 12–20.

[27] 贵新丽, 叶储民, 陈玉凯, 张凯, 吴庭天. 濒危植物油丹种群结构与动态特征[J]. 广西植物, 2025, 45(1): 161–171.

[28] 谢春平, 方彦, 方炎明. 乌冈栎种群数量动态分析[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2010, 28(4): 438–448.

[29] Karbstein K, Römermann C, Hellwig F, Prinz K. Population size affected by environmental variability impacts genetics, traits, and plant performance in Trifolium montanum L [J]. Ecology and Evolution, 2023, 13(8): e10376.

[30] Sandner T M, Gemeinholzer B, Lemmer J, Matthies D, Ensslin A. Continuous inbreeding affects genetic variation, phenology, and reproductive strategy in ex situ cultivated Digitalis lutea [J]. American Journal of Botany, 2022, 109(10): 1545–1559.

[31] Fernández-Palacios J M, Kreft H, Irl S D H, Norder S, Ah-Peng C, Borges P A V, Burns K C, de Nascimento L, Meyer J-Y, Montes E, Drake D R. Scientists’ warning–The outstanding biodiversity of islands is in peril [J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2021, 31: e01847.

[32] Bähner K W, Tabarelli M, Büdel B, Wirth R. Habitat fragmentation and forest management alter woody plant communities in a Central European beech forest landscape [J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2020, 29(8): 2729–2747.

[33] Herrera J M, GarcÍA D. Effects of forest fragmentation on seed dispersal and seedling establishment in ornithochorous trees [J]. Conservation Biology, 2010, 24(4): 1089–1098.

[34] 胡鑫, 阮志华, 向维. 百色市苏铁属植物资源保护现状及对策[J]. 南方农业, 2023, 17(15): 84–86.

[35] Hall J A, Walter G H. Pollination of the Australian cycad Cycas ophiolitica (Cycadaceae): the limited role of wind pollination in a cycad with beetle pollinator mutualists, and its ecological significance [J]. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 2018, 34(2): 121–134.

[36] Vranckx G U Y, Jacquemyn H, Muys B, Honnay O. Meta-analysis of susceptibility of woody plants to loss of genetic diversity through habitat fragmentation [J]. Conservation Biology, 2012, 26(2): 228–237.

[37] Aguilar R, Quesada M, Ashworth L, Herrerias-Diego Y, Lobo J. Genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation in plant populations: susceptible signals in plant traits and methodological approaches [J]. Molecular Ecology, 2008, 17(24): 5177–5188.

[38] Niinemets Ü. Responses of forest trees to single and multiple environmental stresses from seedlings to mature plants: past stress history, stress interactions, tolerance and acclimation [J]. Forest Ecology and management, 2010, 260(10): 1623–1639.

[39] Prijono A, Suparyanto T, Sudigyo D, Pardamean B. Light intensity effect on number of seedlings and growth of Gyrinops versteegii [J]. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023, 1183(1): 012046.

[40] Gutiérrez-Ortega J S, Pérez-Farrera M A, Sato M P, Matsuo A, Suyama Y, Vovides A P, Molina-Freaner F, Kajita T, Watano Y. Evolutionary and ecological trends in the Neotropical cycad genus Dioon (Zamiaceae): An example of success of evolutionary stasis [J]. Ecological Research, 2024, 39(2): 131–158.

[41] Meng Y Y, Xiang W, Wen Y, Huang D L, Cao K F, Zhu S D. Correlations between leaf economics, mechanical resistance and drought tolerance across 41 cycad species [J]. Annals of Botany, 2022, 130(3): 345–354.

[42] Barlow J, Lennox G D, Ferreira J, Berenguer E, Lees A C, Nally R M, Thomson J R, Ferraz SFdB, Louzada J, Oliveira V H F, Parry L, Ribeiro de Castro Solar R, Vieira I C G, Aragão L E O C, Begotti R A, Braga R F, Cardoso T M, de Oliveira R C, Souza Jr C M, Moura N G, Nunes S S, Siqueira J V, Pardini R, Silveira J M, Vaz-de-Mello F Z, Veiga R C S, Venturieri A, Gardner T A. Anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests can double biodiversity loss from deforestation [J]. Nature, 2016, 535(7610): 144–147.

[43] Amato G, DeSalle R, Ryder O A, Rosenbaum H C. Conservation genetics in the age of genomics [M]. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.

[44] 张沙银婷. 我国野生植物保护中存在的法律问题[J]. 西南林业大学学报(社会科学), 2020, 4(4): 34–36.

[45] 崔雪晴, 侯盟, 刘璐, 李一. 国家公园野生植物监测体系构建—以祁连山国家公园为例[J]. 林草政策研究, 2022, 2(4): 43–49.

Metrics

Copyright © Editorial office of Subtropical Plant Science
Tel: 0592-5654157　E-mail: yrdzwkx@126.com
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.

Population Structure Characteristics of Cycas taiwaniana, an Extremely Small Population Wild Plant in Jianfengling Area

尖峰岭地区极小种群野生植物闽粤苏铁种群结构特征

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 1

Recommended Articles

Metrics