Abstract: According to the breeding objectives of Curcuma flowers, 11 quantitative characters and 7 quality traits of 16 turmeric plants were evaluated by factor and cluster analysis. The results showed that the phenotypic characters of Curcuma plants were complex and changeable. The coefficient of variation of quantitative characters of tested materials ranged from 26.70% to 95.44%. The leaf main vein was green, the upper bract was lotus root pink or rose red, the halo was green, the flower lip was purple and the flag petal was white, which were typical phenotypic traits of Curcuma. Principal component analysis showed that 9 important ornamental characters were attributed to 3 principal components. According to the principal components of phenotypic traits, 16 accessions were clustered into three groups. The 11 varieties in group I were all Curcuma alismatifolia. Among them, the upper bract area of ‘Chiang Mai Pink’ was the largest, and the ornamental value was the most prominent, but the plant type was small. Among the 4 varieties in group II, the flower type and color were very characteristic, the plant type was larger and the resistance was stronger, and Curcuma soloensis was the best. In the third group, the growth of Curcuma petiolata was the strongest. Cross breeding among the three groups was expected to produce both ornamental and growth potential progeny.

Key words: Curcuma, flowers, factor analysis, clustering, phenotypic traits

摘要： 依据姜黄属(Curcuma)花卉育种目标，对16份姜黄属植物的11个数量性状及7个质量性状进行因子和聚类分析评价。结果表明，姜黄属植物表型性状复杂多变，供试材料数量性状变异系数介于26.70%～95.44%，叶片主脉绿色，上苞片藕粉或玫红色，晕斑绿色，唇瓣紫色和旗瓣白色为姜黄属典型表型性状。主成分分析表明，9个重要观赏性状归于3个主成分中。根据表型性状各主成分进行聚类分析，供试16份种质被分为三大类群，第Ⅰ类群11个品种均为姜荷花(Curcuma alismatifolia)，其中‘清迈粉’的上苞片面积最大，观赏性最突出，但株型偏小。第Ⅱ类群4个品种，花型花色极具特色，株型更大，抗性强，以所罗门姜黄(C. soloensis)表现最优。第Ⅲ类群的女皇郁金(C. petiolata)生长势最为强健。在三个类群之间开展杂交育种有望获得兼具观赏性和生长势的后代。

关键词: 姜黄属, 花卉, 因子分析, 聚类, 表型性状