Abstract: Green plant leaves specimens are important materials for research and teaching in botanical, agronomy, and forestry. However, the green plant leaf specimens prepared by conventional drying methods are prone to problems such as discoloration, damage, and poor long-term preservation. In order to establish an effective long-term preservation method for green plant leaf specimens, the primary-color infusion technique were combined with the polyethylene glycol plasticization technique, and the fixative solution ratio and production process were optimized. In this study, the leaves of maize (Zea mays) and Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) were used as materials, which were subjected to a series of steps including primary-color immersion, plasticization, and low-temperature freeze-drying. The results showed that the plant green leaves were firstly immersed in a saturated copper sulfate solution containing 0.05% acetic acid for 5-6 min, followed by gradient plasticization with PEG 600 and low-temperature freeze-drying. The plant green leavf specimens using this method are easy to observe, less prone to damage, delicate and beautiful, which can maintain both the external morphology and the color characteristics of plant green leaves to achieve long-term preservation without fading. This study provides a new preservation method for green plant leaves specimens, which were used in botanical, ecological, and agronomy-related experimental courses or instructional activities–such as plant field techniques, agricultural entomology, plant pathology, and weed science.

Key words: green plant leaf specimens, primary-color immersion, polyethylene glycol plasticization, low-temperature freeze-drying

摘要： 植物绿叶标本是植物学、农学、林学研究和教学的重要材料，采用常规干制方法制作的植物绿叶标本易产生变色、损坏、不宜长期保存的问题。本研究旨在有效结合原色浸渍技术和聚乙二醇塑化技术，并优化固定液比例及制作流程，建立一种长期有效保存植物绿叶标本的方法。以禾本科植物玉米Zea mays叶片与蔷薇科植物月季Rosa chinensis叶片为试材，通过对固定保色液配制、叶片浸渍、浸泡塑化、低温冻干等步骤进行优化，制作植物绿叶塑化标本。结果表明，先用含0.05%冰醋酸的硫酸铜饱和溶液将植物绿叶浸渍5～6 min，再用PEG 600梯度塑化处理，最后低温冻干。该方法制作的植物标本易于观察、不易损坏、精致美观，既能保持植物叶片的外部形态，又能保持良好的颜色特征，可达到长期保存且不褪色的目的。该研究为植物学、生态学以及植物田间技术、农业昆虫学、植物病理学、杂草学等农学相关实验课程或相关教学环节制作植物绿叶标本提出新的方法。

关键词: 植物绿叶标本, 原色浸渍, 聚乙二醇塑化, 低温冻干