Subtropical Plant Science

Growth Characteristics, Accumulation of Effective Components and Ion Absorption and Distribution of Taraxacum officinale under Salt Stress

ZHU Yu, GU Wei, QIU Rong-li, TANG Jun-jie, LIU Meng-xue, LANG Pei-lei

2022, 51(2): 81-91. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.001

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Taraxacum officinale was used as materials to investigate the effects of different concentrations of NaCl on the growth characteristics, accumulation of effective components and ion absorption and distribution of T. officinale. The results showed that low salt stress (0.1% NaCl) had no significant effect on the growth and cichoric acid content of T. officinale. Under low salt stress, the content of Na+ in leaves had no significant difference from the control, but the content of K+ and K+/Na+ increased significantly. High salt stress (≥0.2% NaCl) significantly inhibited the growth of T. officinale and decreased the content of cichoric acid; The structure of thylakoid membrane tended to be disorganized with the aggravation of salt stress, and the photosynthetic capacity declined. Under high salt stress, the content of Na+ in leaves increased significantly, but the content of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased. Moreover, the K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ and Mg2+/Na+ in leaves decreased significantly. The transport selective ratio (SK,Na, SCa,Na, SMg,Na) increased first and then decreased with the aggravation of salt stress. Correlation analysis showed that Na+ content in leaves was extremely significantly negatively correlated with leaf physiological indexes under salt stress. Therefore, the enrichment of Na+ in leaves was one of the main reasons for the inhibition of the growth of T. officinale caused by Na+ toxicity.

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Effects of Different Light Intensities and Light Qualities on the Growth and the Accumulation of Volatile Oil Components of Artemisia argyi

CHU Hong-ye,

2022, 51(2): 92-101. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.002

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In order to explore the effects of light on the yield and accumulation of volatile oil components of Artemisia argyi, the tissue culture seedlings of A. argyi were treated with different light quality and intensity. The results showed that the biomass and volatile oil components of A. argyi leaves were obviously changed under different light treatments. The biomass increased obviously under high light intensity and blue light treatments, and the plant height were elongation under red and blue light treatments. The contents of volatile oil, contained 1,8-cineole and β-Terpineobe, were significantly increased under high light intensity, red light and blue light treatment. High light intensity also promoted borneol accumulation. Interestingly, terpenes, isoborneol and eucalyptol were detected under blue light treatment, which were not detected in other light treatment. Moreover, the gene expression levels of photoreceptors and light-responsive transcription factors under different light treatments were analyzed. Its expression level was significantly increased under high light intensity treatment. The correlation analysis between the expression of photoreceptor genes and the biomass and the main volatile oil of A. argyi were carried out. And there was a significant correlation between the expression levels of photoreceptor-related genes and the biomass and volatile oil components. The results showed that the biomass and volatile oil content of A. argyi were regulation under different light treatments, which maybe through the regulation of gene expression of photoreceptors. In conclusion, the biomass and metabolites of A. argyi were increased under high light intensity and blue light treatment, which could give a foundation of cultivation in A. argyi. This study found that the biomass, volatile oil accumulation and photoreceptor genes were changed under different light treatments.

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Germination and Seedling Growth of Four Species of Ground Cover Plants for Grid Tower Foundation under Different Substrates

LIN Xue-yan, HOU Jian, JIN Rui-zhe, LIN Jun-lan,YAN Shu-hui, XUE Qiu-hua

2022, 51(2): 102-108. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.003

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In order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for green restoration of exposed ground under and after excavation, germination and growth among Paspalum wettsteinii, P. notatum, Cynodon dactylon and Crotalaria pallida in sand soil, garden soil, red soil, construction waste soil and gravel were compared, to find out the best substrate of each plant. Results showed that sand soil was the most suitable material for germination of P. wettsteinii, P. notatum and Cynodon dactylon, Crotalaria pallida couldn’t sprout in five soil substrates. Red soil was the best substrate for P. wettsteinii. P. notatum and Cynodon dactylon both grew best in garden soil. The best plant to grow on sand soil, construction waste soil and gravel was P. wettsteinii. The comprehensive of seedling growth of the three plants was δPaspalum wettsteinii (0.553) > δCynodon dactylon (0.522) > δP. notatum (0.436), which were evaluated with the gray relational analysis method. P. wettsteinii grew best in these five substrates.

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Effects of Water Control on Drought-resistance of Four Roof Greening Plants of Commelinaceae

TANG Cong, YANG Jing, LIU Ping, HONG Lan, GUO Wei, DING Ming-yan

2022, 51(2): 109-117. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.004

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Murdannia loriformis, M. simplex, Belosynapsis ciliata and B. ciliata var. vilosa were chose as test materials to discuss and analyse the effects of water regime on the growth and drought-resistance on roof greening plant species in Commelinaceae. The results showed that the 2-day-interval and 6-day-interval watering (DIW) regime produced bigger biomass and root size and more lateral roots than the ones of 10-day and 15-day-intervals. Through a root scanner we could find that root morphology was significantly affected under water regime. The plants under inadequate watering (6 DIW and 10 DIW) maintained more stable relative physiological activities and better drought resistance during the persistent drought period. However, under frequent watering regime (2 DIW) and longer watering regime (15 DIW), the four species under continuous drought stress maintained a poor drought resistance and physiological response. Therefore, appropriate application (6 DIW to 10 DIW) of deficit watering regime may contribute to more stable root dehydrogenase activity and better drought resistance of green roof vegetation of Commelinaceae.

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Genetic Diversity Analysis of Pitaya Germplasm Based on ISSR Markers and Quantitative Traits

CHEN Ming-xian

2022, 51(2): 118-124. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.005

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In order to identify the genetic relationship of pitaya germplasm materials, and screen excellent parents to improve breeding efficiency, ISSR molecular marker technology was used to study on the genetic background of 25 pitaya germplasm materials. After the data of 20 quantitative traits of plants and fruits standardizing, the genetic distance between varieties was calculated by Euclidean distance for comparative analysis. The results showed that 97 loci were detected by 7 ISSR primers, of which 93 were polymorphic, and the proportion of polymorphic bands was 95.88%. Based on UPGMA cluster analysis of molecular markers, 25 germplasm materials could be divided into 6 groups at the threshold of 0.54, and the similarity coefficients of various germplasm materials ranged from 0.41 to 0.86. The coefficient of variation of 20 quantitative traits ranged from 12.35% to 51.66%. Ward cluster analysis showed that 25 germplasm materials could be clustered into 6 groups at 5 Euclidean distances. The results of the two classification methods were not consistent, but both showed the rich genetic diversity of pitaya germplasm, and suitable parents could be selected according to the classification results and breeding purposes.

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Identification and Analysis of Original Plants of Polygonati Rhizoma by UV Fingerprint Combined with Chemometrics

DU Ze-fei, ZHANG Xia, WEN Xiang, DUAN Bao-zhong

2022, 51(2): 125-130. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.006

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A method for rapid identification of different original plants of polygonati rhizoma was established by UV spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. The best extraction solvent, time and dosage of polygonati rhizoma were determined by single factor experiment, and the test solution was prepared. The UV fingerprint of three species of Polygonatum was established by UV spectroscopy. After the spectral data were transformed, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were carried out. The method had good reproducibility, precision and stability. The UV fingerprints of three species of original plants of polygonati rhizoma had fingerprint characteristics. Their UV spectra were significantly different at 210 nm, 220 nm and 280 nm, and the three-dimensional projection of cluster analysis and principal component analysis showed that the accumulation of chemical components in different species was different. The differences among three species could be distinguished by HCA and PCA. Three species of polygonati rhizoma original plants, i.e. Polygonatum kingianum, P. sibiricum and P. cyrtonema, could be identified rapidly by UV fingerprint with chemometrics. That can provide an auxiliary method for clinical application, resource development and classification of Polygonatum.

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Biological Characteristics and Germination of Wild Cornus hongkongensis subsp. elegans Seeds

RUAN Shu-ming, WU Zhi-bin, LAI Shi-gan

2022, 51(2): 131-136. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.007

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The seed biological characteristics of wild Cornus hongkongensis subsp. elegans were investigated, and the effects of different treatments with variable temperature, low temperature stratification and chemical agents on seed germination were compared. The results showed that the 1000-seed weight was 76.91 g, with average length of 5.81 mm, average width of 5.10 mm and average thickness of 3.99 mm. The water absorption of seeds was below 8% during the entire process of experiment, the existence of dense and hard seed coat affects the germination of seeds. Under the condition of variable temperature, 30 ℃/15 ℃ with large temperature difference could strongly promote germination of the seeds, germination time lag was shorter, germination percentage and germination energy were higher. The seeds of C. hongkongensis subsp. elegans were soaking in 30% NaOH for 10 min could greatly shorten the germination time of seeds. There was no significant difference in the germination results of seeds treated with low-temperature stratification at 4 ℃.

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Taxonomic Revision of Ilex ningdeensis (Aquifoliaceae)

MAO Zhi-wei, WANG Tao, HOU Xue-liang

2022, 51(2): 137-141. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.008

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Ilex ningdeensis C. J. Tseng was proposed to be a synonym of I. uraiensis Yamamoto based on evidences from literature reviews and specimen studies. The taxonomic status of I. nanpingensis G. S. He was also discussed.

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Euphorbia oblongata (Euphorbiaceae) and Eupatorium capillifolium (Compositae), Two Newly Naturalized Plants for Flora of China

LI Shi-gang, LI Yu-ran, LI Ping-ping, WANG Huan-chong

2022, 51(2): 142-147. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.009

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Two newly naturalized plants were reported from Yunnan Province, China, namely Euphorbia oblongata of Euphorbiaceae and Eupatorium capillifolium of Compositae. The voucher specimens for each reported species were deposited in the Herbarium of Yunnan University (YUKU). Euphorbia oblongata is native to southern Europe and western Asia, and was newly found in Chenggong County of Kunming, Yunnan Province, China. Euphorbia oblongata is characterized by its caulicle and inflorescence rachis densely white villous, and capsules?globose with verrucose-tuberculate, glabrous. Eupatorium capillifolium is native to southern United States, and is a species widely cultivated. We newly found its wild distribution in Jianchuan County of Dali, Yunnan Province, China. It is characterized by its stems puberulent throughout, leaf blades nearly long-ovate, 2 to 3 pinnatisect, lobules oblong or linear, capitulum arranged in a compound raceme, each with 5 small flowers, corolla white greenish. Their morphological description and related photos were provided as well. In addition, their potential introduced ways were discussed, and hazards as well invasive risks were briefly assessed.

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Research Progress on Green Prevention and Control of Conopomorpha sinensis

LI Ye-qing, CHEN Yan-yan, CHEN Chun-fan, PENG Hong-xiang,

2022, 51(2): 148-154. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.010

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Litchi, known as "King of the Lingnan fruits", originated from China in where litchi has the largest planting area and yield scale. The fresh litchi from China has a high reputation in the international market. Conopomorpha sinensis, widely distributed in tropical and south subtropical regions of China, is the main pest of litchi. The larvae can bore into litchi seeds and pedicels to affect the fruit growth and the rate of commercial fruit. It caused a serious economic loss of litchi industry. Due to its cryptic behavior and overlapping generations, C. sinensis is difficult to control. At present, chemical control is the most widely used approaches to control C. sinensis. However, long-term use of chemical pesticides is prone to environmental pollution, drug residues, food safety and insect resistance problems. Based on the present research progress, this review focused on living habits and harm regularity, forecast and prediction, physical and biological control and biological source of C. sinensis, and prospected the research direction of green control and comprehensive control methods based on agricultural control of C. sinensis.

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Research Progress on Separation, Preparation and Functional Application of Main Components from Moringa oleifera Seeds

CHEN Rui, ZHU Hua, XIE Wen-min, LI Hai-hang

2022, 51(2): 155-162. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2022.02.011

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Moringa oleifera is a medicinal and edible plant widely grown in Asia and Africa. The plant has a seed yield of 24 ton per hectare. Moringa seeds contain 19% to 47% oil, 10% to 52% protein, 6.2% to 8.6% glucosinolate and its hydrolysates isothiocyanates. Moringa oil has antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, which contains 71.7% to 83.1% unsaturated fatty acids and is a high quality edible oil. Moringa proteins have antibacterial activities, and are good protein source for food and feed. Moringa glucosinolate and its degradation product isothiocyanate have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and hypoglycemic activities. M. oleifera seeds have a good value for development and utilization. In this paper, research progress on separation, preparation and functional application of these four main components from M. oleifera seeds was reviewed, which provided basis for comprehensive development and utilization of M. oleifera seeds.

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