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30 April 2023, Volume 52 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Plant physiology and biochemistry
Plant ecology, resources and taxonomy


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Plant physiology and biochemistry

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Comparison of Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Storage Roots Between High and Low Starch Cultivars of Cassava during the Critical Growth Period CAI Zheng, SUN Jin-liang, LIU Kun-hang, LI You-zhi, FAN Xian-wei 2023, 52(2): 85-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (745KB) ( )   This study explored the differences and dynamic changes in the main physiological and biochemical characteristics of roots in high and low starch cultivars of cassava (Manihot esculenta) at key developmental stages (storage root formation and bulking), providing a theoretical basis for cassava management and breeding improvement. Storage root samples of high starch cassava varieties ‘FX01’ and ‘KU50’ and low starch cassava varieties ‘SC124’ and ‘9I’ were selected at 120, 130, 140, 151 and 165 days after planting, respectively. The physiological and biochemical indexes of starch, soluble sugar, abscisic acid (ABA), protective enzyme and ROS were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the soluble sugar content in the cortex of cassava was always higher than that in starch storage area. The soluble sugar content of the high starch varieties increased rapidly during the root expansion period of storage, and showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower ROS and MDA content. ABA content of high starch varieties was lower than that of low starch varieties. Analyzing the effects of these physiological and biochemical parameters on starch accumulation, it was found that the distribution of soluble sugar in low starch and high starch varieties was consistent with the law of starch synthesis after transportation. The starch accumulation rate in high starch varieties was always higher than that in low starch varieties. Their higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower ROS and MDA content were conducive to the starch accumulation in cassava storage roots. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Field Investigation and Analysis of a Rare Abnormal Fruit Occurrence in ‘Guiwei’ Lychee LIU Hong-feng, HUANG Chuan, CHEN Chun-fan, CHEN Feng-xiang, LU Mei-ying, CHEN Yan-yan, DING Feng, LU Rong-qing, LI Ye-qing, LI Fang-wen, PENG Hong-xiang 2023, 52(2): 93-100.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (651KB) ( )   In response to the rare “brush tip” shaped abnormal fruit problem that occurred in a large number of ‘Guiwei’ lychee (Litchi chinensis) orchards in the Qinzhou production area of Guangxi in the spring of 2022, in April (flower withering), four ‘Guiwei’ lychee orchards in Lingshan County were selected for investigation analysis and one control orchard no abnormal fruit. The aim is to further analyze and explore the process and reasons for the formation of this abnormal fruit, and provide reference for the safe use of exogenous hormones for promoting flowering and fruit preservation in lychee. The survey results indicated that the formation of abnormal fruit in lychee began from the elongation of the stigma during the differentiation of female flowers, and then evolved into a completely fleshless and empty shell shaped “brush tip” abnormal fruit. This “brush tip” shaped abnormal fruit was not easy to fall off and completely lost its commercial value; The rate of deformed fruit plants in the four orchards was 94.0%–100.0%, the rate of deformed fruit ears per plant was 20.0%–24.0%, and the rate of deformed fruit grains per ear was 60.9%–65.1%. There was no significant difference in the three indicators among the four lychee orchards. All four orchards used “Baoying” products containing phenylpeptidylamine acid during the shoot control, flower promotion, and fruit preservation period. Other control orchards that did not use phenylpeptidylamine acid to promote flower and fruit preservation did not have any abnormal fruit occurrence; It is preliminarily believed that ‘Guiwei’ lychee is sensitive to phenylpeptidylamine acid during flowering and fruiting under the climatic conditions of that year, which can cause abnormal elongation of the female flower stigma and affect pollination, fertilization, and fruit development, ultimately forming empty shell deformed fruits without edible value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia semiserrata and C. crapnelliana Seedlings under Different Shadings CHEN Xue-mei, LIN Wei, TU Zhi-jin, WANG Bing-qing, XUAN Zu-ying, HE Jian-qiang, TIAN Xue-qin 2023, 52(2): 101-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (542KB) ( )   Two-year-old seedlings of Camellia semiserrata and C. crapnelliana were used as experimental materials and treated with full light (CK), 30% shading, 50% shading and 70% shading, in order to observe the effects of shading on the growth, biomass allocation and some physiological and biochemical indexes of the seedlings. The results showed that 30% shading could significantly increase the height net growth and total biomass of C. semiserrata seedlings, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were significantly increased, but SOD, CAT activities and Pro content were not significantly different from those of CK group, but MDA content was significantly decreased. Under 30% shading, the plant height and ground diameter of C. crapnelliana seedlings were significantly increased, while the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, Pro and SOD enzyme activity were not different from those of the full light group, but the content of MDA was significantly decreased. The results showed that the optimal growth condition of the two Camellia seedlings under the experimental treatment was 30% shading. In addition, under 50% shading condition, although the ground diameter growth of C. crapnelliana seedlings was inhibited, its high growth was not significantly different from that of CK group, and the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, and activity of CAT were significantly increased, while the contents of Pro and MDA were significantly decreased. The results indicated that the C. crapnelliana seedlings could adapt to the low light environment with 50% shading by adjusting chlorophyll content, CAT activity and Pro content. Therefore, C. semiserrata seedlings have a more stringent demand for light, which is controlled at 30% shading, while C. crapnelliana seedlings can adapt to a more shaded environment (50% shading) in production and greening applications. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of 9 Water Spinach Germplasm at Germination Stage HUANG Xiao-long, OU Cheng-chuan, LIU Xiao-li, LI Qiu-fen, LI Zhen-qin, LI Si-tong, WANG Jun-ning 2023, 52(2): 108-118.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (452KB) ( )   In this study, 9 water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) germplasm resources were selected, and their seeds were treated with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index and vigor index were measured. The salt tolerance of water spinach germplasm resources was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that low concentration salt treatment promoted the germination of some varieties, while high concentration salt treatment significantly inhibited the germination of 9 varieties. Principal component analysis divided 11 salt tolerance related indicators into 4 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 89.509%. Combined with cluster analysis, the salt tolerance of 9 water spinach germplasm was divided into 4 types. ‘Sancha’ was a high salt-tolerant variety. ‘Taiguo’ and ‘Baijun’ belonged to medium salt-tolerant varieties; ‘Jieyang’, ‘Gangzhong’ and ‘Taiwang’ belonged to weak salt tolerant varieties. ‘Bailiu’, ‘Qinggeng’ and ‘Taimei’ were salt sensitive varieties. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Meteorite Water on Seed Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Pea Seedlings LIU Bei-ning, LI Liu-min, CHEN Fa-xing 2023, 52(2): 119-124.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (789KB) ( )   The effects of meteorite water on the seed germination and seedling growth and physiological characteristics of pea were studied. The results showed that the meteorite contained 10 essential mineral elements and 2 beneficial elements for plant growth. Meteorite water could promote the growth and development of pea seedlings. The germination rate of peas in the meteorite boiling water treatment group reached 79.2%, significantly higher than that in the soaking water treatment and control; The plant height and root length of pea seedlings treated with meteorite boiling water increased by 24.03% and 22.13%, and the fresh weight of aboveground and underground parts increased by 11.23% and 24.22% compared to the control, respectively; Meteorite boiling water significantly increased the content of soluble sugar, protein, total chlorophyll, peroxidase activity of pea seedlings, and also significantly increased the B, Fe, V, Sr, Sn content of pea sprouts. Meteorite boiling or soaking could alter the physical and chemical properties of water, and the effects of boiling water on seed germination and seedling growth was obviously better than soaking water. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant ecology, resources and taxonomy

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Analysis of Potential Suitable Areas of Two Species of Parthenium in China under Climate Change WANG Chun-xiao, LIU Yang, ZHONG Zhi-fei, LUO Zhen, LIN Xi-ting, MAO Yue, WANG Sheng-sheng, DENG Chuan-yuan 2023, 52(2): 125-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (4455KB) ( )   Based on the multi-period CMIP6 climate variable data and the global species distribution data of two species of Parthenium, the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software were used to simulate and analyze the potential suitable areas of two species of Parthenium. The results showed that the AUC values of the simulated prediction results in each period were all greater than 0.9, indicating that the model prediction was accurate and the results were reliable. The dominant factors affecting Parthenium hysterophorus were the wettest season rainfall, the coldest season average temperature, temperature seasonality, and isothermality. The dominant factors affecting P. argentatum were the average daily temperature range, isothermality, the driest month rainfall, and the coldest season average temperature. Under the influence of climate change, the potential suitable area of P. hysterophorus will expand in the future, and the potential suitable area of P. argentatum will not change much; under the influence of climate change, the migration direction of the potential suitable area of P. hysterophorus is mainly north-south direction, and the latitude changed. At present and in the future, the high suitable areas of P. hysterophorus are mainly in South China and Southwest China. In the future, P. hysterophorus will have suitable areas in Central China, East China and North China. Compared with the gray silver chrysanthemum, the invasion of silver chrysanthemum in China is more serious. We should focus on the invasion dynamics of silver chrysanthemum and strengthen its monitoring and prevention and control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Community Types and Species Diversity of Picrasma quassioides Communities in Guangxi LI Jin-hua, PAN Xiu-lian, LIU Qin, WEI Qiu-lan, ZHU Chang-san, CHEN Rong, HUANG Hua-xi 2023, 52(2): 135-142.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (560KB) ( )   A sample plot survey was used to investigate the communities of Picrasma quassioides, and the habitat characteristics, species composition, floristic composition and species diversity were analyzed. The results showed that 255 species in 207 genera and 85 families of vascular plants were found in 10 plots, and there are abundant species in the P. quassioides community. The main dominant families were Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Gramineae, Moraceae, etc. The floristic types of seed plants in the community were divided into 14 types, with pantropic and tropical Asian elements as the main components, with tropical elements accounting for 72.73% of the total genera, and the community had obvious tropical properties. The community was divided into four types. P. quassioides grew vigorously in community Ⅱ and community Ⅳ, and was the dominant species in the tree layer. Community Ⅱ and community Ⅳ were the ideal habitat. The Margalef index, Shannon Wiener index and Pielou index showed that the shrub layer was larger than the tree layer. The three diversity indexes of tree and shrub layer in community Ⅱ were the highest, while Margalef species richness index of tree layer in community Ⅳ was the higher, while Shannon-Wiener diversity index was the lowest. The root budbreak ability of P. quassioides is stubborn, and the closure measures have positive significance for the restoration of P. quassioides population. The results can provide basic information for the protection and cultivation of P. quassioides resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Soil Physicochemical Characteristics and Their Correlation in Different Depth of the Artificial Forests of Sonneratia apetala ZHANG Hui, DENG Lin, GUO Dan-yun, YAO Si-tong, CHEN Chu-min, WANG Bing-xin, CAI Wen-xin, CHEN Ping, HE Ju-cheng 2023, 52(2): 143-148.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (10831KB) ( )   To compare the characteristics of soil physical and chemical indexes in mangrove from different regions. We research the distribution and correlation of soil physical and chemical properties in two different regions mangrove plantations in Qi'ao Island and Fenghuojiao. Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon contents in 0–100 cm vertical direction were measured, and further analyzed their correlation. The results showed that the soil physicochemical indexes of Qi'ao Island in the vertical direction of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, salinity content, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and bulk density with soil depth change more gently than those of Fenghuojiao, and the salt content and pH of soil in Fenghuojiao were significantly higher than those of Qi'ao Island. The total nitrogen and conductivity of Qi'ao Island were higher than those of Fenghuojiao. In 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil layers, the organic carbon content of Fenghuojiao was significantly higher than that of Qi'ao Island, but lower in 30–100 cm soil layers. There was a significant negative correlation between total nitrogen and salinity content, and a significant positive correlation between total nitrogen and pH in Fenghuojiao soil. There was a significant negative correlation between total nitrogen content and salinity content, a significant positive correlation with pH, and a significant correlation between organic carbon content and salinity content, pH. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Species Diversity and Flora Analysis of Vascular Plants in Baichong Provincial Nature Reserve of Guangdong Province WU Shi-yuan, CHEN Sheng-lai, LUO Sen-yuan, WANG Shuai 2023, 52(2): 149-156.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (5085KB) ( )   The diversity of vascular plants in Baichong Provincial Nature Reserve in Yangchun City of Guangdong Province was investigated by step up surveys, sampling route inventory and quadrat methods surveys, and the plant community composition as well as floristic characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that there were 1320 species of vascular plants, belonging to 652 genera in 172 families. The number of species was more abundant than that of similar provincial reserves. The composition of plant families was dominated by medium and oligo species families, accounting for 61.63% in total. The composition of genera was dominated by the distribution of oligo-species (2 to 5 species) and single species genera, accounting for 91.48% in total wild vascular plants. The flora of vascular plants in this reserve was complex, with a predominantly tropical composition (80.83%), including 13 area-types and 14 variety-types, among which the pantropical distribution pattern had the greatest varieties of genus. And temperate composition accounting for 17.79% (removed cosmopolitan type). Baichong Nature Reserve has abundant heat, rich vascular plant species, and typical characteristics of south subtropical flora. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Geographical Components and Garden Application Potential of Aromatic Plants in Guangdong Province LIANG Dan, CHEN Jun-ting, WANG Zhen-zhen, JIANG Piao, LI Zhuo-ran, WENG Shu-fei 2023, 52(2): 157-163.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (359KB) ( )   Aromatic plants are important functional plants in urban gardens. This paper analyzes the geographical components of families and genera on the basis of collecting the list of aromatic plants in Guangdong province, and investigates their landscape application. The results show that there are a total of 122 families, 334 genera and 703 species (including varieties and subspecies) of aromatic plants in Guangdong province. The dominant families are Lauraceae, Rutaceae, Zingiberaceae, Labiatae, Compositae, Myrtaceae, Leguminosae and Magnoliaceae. From the perspective of geographical components of plants, 63 families belong to tropical components, accounting for 70.79% of the total number of families. There are 183 genera belonging to tropical components, accounting for 58.84% of the total genera. The analysis of family and genera geographical components show that the tropical components of aromatic plants in Guangdong province are obvious, which is consistent with the geographical location of Guangdong province in the subtropical monsoon region. Among aromatic plants, there are 529 native plants, accounting for 75.25%, and 174 exotic species, accounting for 24.75%, indicating that native plant resources in aromatic plants are abundant. There are 455 kinds of aromatic plants in garden application, but the aromatic characteristics are not clear. It is suggested to further screen excellent aromatic plants, increase the garden application of aromatic woody liana species, and introduce local plants such as Compositae, Labiatae, Umbelliferae, Rutaceae to expand the scope of use of aromatic plants. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Record of Agapetes (Ericaceae) from China TONG Yi-hua, WANG Bing-mou, NI Jing-bo 2023, 52(2): 164-166.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (3456KB) ( )   A newly recorded species, Agapetes wardii W. W. Sm. (Ericaceae), was reported. This species was previously known to endemic to Myanmar, which was recently found also distributed in Tengchong, Yunnan, China. The voucher specimens were collected and deposited in the herbarium of South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC). The color photographs and description were provided. Differences between A. wardii and its similar species were also discussed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Records of Five Ferns from Guangdong Province GUO Xiao-feng, YAN Yue-hong, GU Yu-feng, WEI Xue-ying, ZHENG Xi-long, SHU Jiang-ping 2023, 52(2): 167-170.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (3431KB) ( )   Five newly recorded species belonging to 4 families and 5 genera of ferns from Guangdong province were reported, they are Adiantum menglianense Y. Y. Qian, Leptochilus × shintenensis (Hayata) X. C. Zhang & Noot., Oreogrammitis adspersa (Blume) Parris, Hymenasplenium pseudobscurum Viane, Diplopterygium simulans (Ching) Ching ex X. C. Zhang. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Shenzhen Orchid Conservation and Research Centre (NOCC). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Records of Seed Plants from Guangdong Province Ⅳ ZHANG Xing-yue, SHUI Kun-chun, LEI Chun-yi, ZHAO Wan-yi, FAN Qiang 2023, 52(2): 171-174.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.02.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (3553KB) ( )   Three species, Laportea cuspidata (Wedd.) Friis, Styrax rhytidocarpus W. Yang & X. L. Yu., and Aspidistra fasciaria G. Z. Li., were reported as new records in Guangdong province, China. The identification characteristics of the new records were briefly described, and the threat levels of S. rhytidocarpus and A. fasciaria were evaluated according to IUCN Red List Criteria. References | Related Articles | Metrics