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20 June 2023, Volume 52 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology
Plant ecology, resources and taxonomy
Plant protection


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Plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology

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Identification and Bioinformation Analysis of NRAMP Gene Family Based on Andrographis paniculata Genome FAN Pan-hui, WU Li-wei, SUN Wei, WANG Yu, GAO Wei, XING Jian-yong, SONG Jing-yuan, YAO Hui 2023, 52(3): 175-182.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (4165KB) ( )   Natural resistance associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) is a major class of membrane transporters widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms, and play an important role in transporting and reusing heavy metal ions in plants. For exploring the biological characteristics of NRAMP gene family in Andrographis paniculata, seven NRAMP gene family members were screened and identified from the whole genome, named ApNRAMP1–ApNRAMP7, and their gene structures and physicochemical properties of the encoded proteins were analyzed. The results showed that the proteins encoded by ApNRAMPs genes ranged from 513 aa to 553 aa in length, and their molecular weight were between 56.00 kD and 60.54 kD. The subcellular localizations of all members were in the cell membrane. Phylogenetic analysis found that the NRAMP gene family was divided into two subfamilies. ApNRAMP3–ApNRAMP6 in Group Ⅰ contained 3 introns, while ApNRAMP1, ApNRAMP2, and ApNRAMP7 in Group Ⅱ contained 12 introns, and their encoded protein sequences all contained Motif1–8 sequences. Protein structure prediction analysis showed that the secondary structures of ApNRAMPs proteins were mainly composed of α-helix and random coil, and the three-dimensional structures were relatively similar. This study provides a reference for further elucidation of the molecular mechanism of ApNRAMPs genes involvement in cadmium stress response. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Effective Accumulated Temperature on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Accumulation of Functional Substances in Alisma orientale and A. plantago-aquatica LANG Pei-lei, HAN Yun, TIAN Rong, GU Wei, QIU Rong-li, MA Qi-han, WU Wen-qing, LIU Meng-xue, JU Rui-xin 2023, 52(3): 183-190.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (568KB) ( )   The variation range and distribution pattern of effective accumulated temperature in the field growth period were analyzed based on the meteorological data of Jian Zexie (Alisma orientale) and Chuan Zexie (A. plantago-aquatica) in Jian’ou, Fujian Province and Pengshan, Sichuan Province in recent 40 years. We simulated the changes of effective accumulated temperature in two genuine producing areas, and compared the effects of effective accumulated temperature on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of functional substances in Jian Zexie and Chuan Zexie. The results showed that: (1) The effective accumulated temperature range of Jian Zexie and Chuan Zexie were 1044–1340 ℃·d and 602–962 ℃·d, respectively, and there were significant differences in the effective accumulated temperature required at different growth stages; (2) Under the condition of effective accumulated temperature in genuine producing areas, Jian Zexie and Chuan Zexie were more resistant to oxidation and had higher alisol B 23-acetate content in tubers, and the rapid accumulation period appeared on the 105–120 d, while the accumulation of 23-acetyl alisol C in two types of Jian Zexie and Chuan Zexie was opposite, and the content of 23-acetyl alisol C in genuine producing areas was low. These results showed that the effective accumulated temperature could significantly affect the antioxidant capacity and the accumulation of functional substances of Jian Zexie and Chuan Zexie. This study provided a theoretical basis for investigating the genuine causes of Jian Zexie and Chuan Zexie and standardized cultivation and management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Total Polyphenol Contents and Its Antioxidant Capacity of Stems and Leaves from Different Cultivars of Paeonia lactiflora CHEN You-feng, TONG Ning-ning, LIU Yan, LIU Zheng-an 2023, 52(3): 191-196.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (414KB) ( )   In order to explore the difference of total phenol contents and antioxidant activities in stems and leaves of different cultivars of Paeonia lactiflora, 16 cultivars were collected, and their antioxidant abilities were comprehensively evaluated by APC index. The results showed that the total phenol contents and antioxidant activities in the stems and leaves of different cultivars of P. lactiflora were significantly different, and the total phenol contents and antioxidant activities in the leaves were much higher than those in the stems. APC index showed that the cultivars with strong antioxidant capacity of stems were ‘Shaonvzhuang’, ‘Qiaoling’, ‘Laolaihong’, and the varieties with strong antioxidant capacity of leaves were ‘Qiaoling', ‘Shaonvzhuang’, ‘Laolaihong’, and ‘Xianhebai’. The antioxidant activities of stems and leaves measured by three methods, APC index and total phenol content were significantly correlated. This study had proved that the leaves of P. lactiflora had good antioxidant activities in vitro based on abundant phenolic substances. Four varieties of P. lactiflora with strong antioxidant ability had been screened, which be further developed and utilized as potential natural antioxidant resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Acute Toxicity and Genotoxicity Test Study of Extracts from Millettia speciosa Roots ZHAO Yu-jie, CHEN Mei-fen, LI Xin, ZHANG Zi-hong, HUANG Jin-wen, HUANG Jun-ming, ZHANG Kun, LI Dong-li 2023, 52(3): 197-202.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (350KB) ( )   This study evaluated the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of Niudali (Millettia speciosa roots) extracts. The limit method was used in acute toxicity test. The plate incorporation method was used in bacterial revert mutation test, and five strains of Salmonella typhimurium mutant strains TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102 and TA1535 with histidine nutritional deficiency were counted back. The proportion of bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes in total red blood cells and the proportion of micronucleus-containing polychromatic erythrocyte were counting in mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test. Chromosomal aberration test was carried out through Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell culture technology, the chromosome number and structural changes of CHL cell lines infected with samples were observed. The results showed that the tested samples were practically non-toxic, and the results of bacterial reversion mutation test, erythrocyte micronucleus test and chromosome aberration test were all negative. No acute toxicity or genotoxicity were observed within the dose range of this test for Niudali extracts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction and Analysis of Volatile Oil from Fresh Branch-leaf Sections of Cunninghamia lanceolata CAI Zi-xuan, ZHOU Huan, LI Ji-yue, SU Yan, WU Guan-di, ZHENG Hui-quan 2023, 52(3): 203-209.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1612KB) ( )   To investigate the extraction conditions of essential oil from fresh branches-leaf sections of Cunninghamia lanceolata by hydrodistillation, single factor method was used to analyze the effects of sample crushing method, liquid-solid ratio, distillation time and NaCl concentration on the oil yield. The results showed that the oil yield of fresh branch-leaf sections of C. lanceolata could reach a high level of 0.086% when the sample was crushed by the chaff cutter method, the liquid-solid ratio was set to 8:1, the distillation time was 6 h and without the addition of NaCl. After that, the essential oil components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 48 compounds were identified, including 29 sesquiterpenoids and 10 monoterpenoids, which accounted for 88.22% and 7.53% of the total mass, respectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Rapeseed Cake Fertilizer on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism and Yield of Flue-cured Tobacco NIE Zhong-yang, ZU Qing-xue, LIN Song, ZHANG Yi-fei, LI Guo-ming 2023, 52(3): 210-219.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1027KB) ( )   In order to further verify the effects of organic fertilizer on the growth and metabolism of tobacco plants, find the best ratio of chemical fertilizer reduction under organic fertilizer application. Used Yunyan 85 as the experimental material, set up 4 treatments, i.e. CK [special fertilizer for tobacco(N:P2O5:K2O=10:10:25), 930 kg·hm–2], T1 (reduced chemical fertilizer 15% + 300 kg·hm–2 rapeseed cake fertilizer), T2 (reduced chemical fertilizer 30% + 300 kg·hm–2 rapeseed cake fertilizer) and T3 (reduced chemical fertilizer 45% + 300 kg·hm–2 rapeseed cake fertilizer), to study the effects of four fertilization methods on the activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzymes, carbon and nitrogen accumulation of tobacco at different growth stages, economic status of tobacco leaves after curing. Compared with pure application of chemical fertilizer (CK), the dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rates, carbon contents, carbon accumulation, nitrogen contents and nitrogen accumulation of tobacco leaves with T2 treatment increased by 5.49%, 33.86%, 32.79%, 23.43%, 16.89%, 17.09% and 11.03%, respectively, after transplanting for 80 days. The activities of amylase and nitrate reductase showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the growth period; After transplanting for 20 days, the activities of both enzymes showed that CK was higher than that in the treatment of reducing chemical fertilizer and applying rapeseed cake fertilizer. After transplanting for 35 days, the two treatments of T1 and T2 were significantly improved compared with CK. The yield of tobacco leaves in T1 treatment was the highest, but the average price and the middle class and superior leaf rate were significantly reduced, and the production value, average price and the middle class and superior leaf rate in T2 treatment were the highest, which were increased by 14.58%, 8.94% and 6.08% compared with CK. So reduce chemical fertilizer 30% + 300 kg·hm–2 rapeseed cake fertilizer had the best effects, to provide a theoretical basis for maintaining the stability of tobacco yield and quality and achieving sustainable green-friendly agriculture. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Protoplasts Isolation of Arachis hypogaea WU Shun-da, LIANG Qi-wen, SUN Min, WANG Si-yuan, SU Yi, XIAO Lang-tao 2023, 52(3): 220-227.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (5947KB) ( )   Using leaves and petal of Arachis hypogaea var. fastigiate ‘Silihong’ as materials, protoplast isolation conditions were optimized through modifying the concentrations of different enzymes. The results showed that the protoplast outcome by using the mixed enzymes was significantly better than that by using driselase. The optimum conditions for the preparation of leaves of peanut at 60 days old protoplasts were 2% cellulose + 3% pectinase + 1% diastase + 0.02 mol·L–1 KCl + 0.02 mol·L–1 MES + 0.01 mol·L–1 CaCl2 + 0.6 mol·L–1 mannitol + 0.1% BSA, 28 ℃ for 3 hours in dark. Under this condition, the protoplast yield of peanut leaves was 2.965×105 cells·g–1, and peanut petal protoplast yield was 2.55×105 cells·g–1. In addition, A large number of protoplasts were successfully isolated from peanut petals and yellow leaves, but protoplasts were not isolated from hypocotyls of peanut seedlings and peanut pegs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Seed Germination of 14 Wild Functional Ornamental Herbaceous Species from the Northwest Sichuan YANG Ma-jin, HUANG Wen-juan, LI Zhen, TANG Xiao-hua, HAN Ju-lan, YE Chang-hua 2023, 52(3): 228-241.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (398KB) ( )   By different storage methods and different seed treatments, 14 wild functional ornamental herbaceous species occurring in the Northwest Sichuan were used as experimental materials to carry out seed germination, and based on the germination characteristics of each species to explore the suitable storage methods and dormancy removal methods of seed breeding in low altitude areas. The results indicated that: ① Lilium duchartrei, Cynoglossum amabile, Anemone cathayensis, Primula sikkimensis, Aster dolichopodus maintained high vigor and strong germination ability before and after storage, and the seed germination abilities of Primula nivalis, Sinopodophyllum hexandrum, Meconopsis integrifolia were obviously enhanced after storage; ② The effects of different storage methods on seed germination rate of 14 species were significant (P＜0.01), sand storage was superior to dry and low temperature storage, and the germination rate of seeds under sand storage was the highest at low temperature of 3 ℃; ③ The effects of different seed treatments on seed germination rate of 14 species were significant (P＜0.01), and the seed germination rate was most significantly different deal with the treatment of gibberellin solution and 6-BA solution. Gibberellin solution promoted the seed germination, while the 6-BA solution had opposite effect, and mechanical peeling and sulphuric acid treatment significantly reduced the germination rate; ④ The germination process of most plant seeds was shortened obviously by methods of low temperature of 3 ℃ in sand storage, Gibberellin immersion, water immersion and ultrasonic shock. Cynoglossum amabile, Anemone cathayensis, Salvia przewalskii, Anemone rivularis and Aster dolichopodus seedlings were adapted to the natural environment of Chengdu and showed strong adaptability in summer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant ecology, resources and taxonomy

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Does Phylogenetic Relatedness Affect the Neighborhood Effects among Neighbors in Plant Communities? WANG Li-ping, CHEN Feng-xian, FENG Zhe, YU Xiao-li, SUN Ji-wen, WU Jun-jie 2023, 52(3): 242-252.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1337KB) ( )   Phylogenetic relationships among neighbors are significant predictors of density dependence in plant communities. However, there is no consistent conclusion about the effect of phylogenetic density dependence . We conducted a comprehensive literature search for the effect of phylogenetic density dependence using the Web of Science, Google Scholar and CNKI by keywords from 1 January 1980 to 1 May 2022. We screened titles, abstracts and full texts of the papers, and 35 publications were selected. The strength of the influence of phylogenetic distance on the interactions between neighboring trees in each study was extracted. There are three effects of phylogenetic relationships on neighborhood effects: phylogenetic negative density dependence (PNDD), phylogenetic positive density dependence (PPDD) and no phylogenetic density dependence, the numbers of whose articles decrease in turn. PNDD was mainly caused by associated competition resources, natural enemies and host-specific pathogens. PPDD was associated with small habitat heterogeneity, habitat filtering and symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. However, there are no phylogenetic density dependence due to absence of phylogenetic signal in functional traits and no direct interaction between early plant neighbors. The main reasons for the different results caused by various environmental heterogeneities, research scales, study types, target species and the life history stages of plants in different studies. Therefore, the influence of these factors should be considered as far as possible in the study of phylogenetic density dependence in the future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pollution Evaluation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Chengcun Town Mangrove Nature Reserve in Yangxi, Guangdong WEI Xiao-hui, ZHANG Hao-sheng 2023, 52(3): 253-257.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (471KB) ( )   Samples were collected from mangrove sediments in Chengcun Town Mangrove Nature Reserve, Yangxi County, Guangdong Province, and the contents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As were measured. The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the pollution situation. The results showed that the heavy metal pollution degree of the forest area was light, Pb and Hg were the main pollution sources with Hg showing strong ecological risk. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that the main source of pollution in this area was human activities. To sum up, the pollution situation in Chengcun Town Mangrove Nature Reserve was light, and the continuous import of heavy metals should be controlled. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flora of Lycophytes and Ferns in Dawangling Nature Reserve, Guangxi LI Yue, YAO Zhi-yong, LING Cheng-li, FANG Chao-hui, WEI Yan-lin, WEI Wen-gang 2023, 52(3): 258-264.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (902KB) ( )   On the basis of field vegetation survey, the species composition, floristic characteristics, endangered protection and economic value of lycophytes and ferns in Dawangling Nature Reserve, Guangxi were sorted out and analyzed according to PPG I classification system. The results showed that there were 28 families, 66 genera and 148 species of lycophytes and ferns in the reserve, the dominant families and genera were obvious and it was dominated by single species families and genera, with relatively ancient origin and relatively coherent evolutionary system; the analysis of floristic geographical components showed that the tropics and subtropics were dominant at the level of families, genus and species, and the R/T value of the genus was 8.8, showing the tropical element, and there was a significant difference with the adjacent areas. There were 8 species of lycophytes and ferns under second-class national protection and 4 species of vulnerable species under IUCN list. There were many species with high utilization value, which was mainly medicinal value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant protection

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Isolation and Identification of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt of Musa ‘Tiancheng No. 1’ LU Li-li, LIN Wen-zhen, WANG Jin-ying, GUO Ying, CAI Chang-fu, CAI Bang-ping 2023, 52(3): 265-270.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2023.03.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (6450KB) ( )   The symptoms of plant wilt were found in the regional planting test of Musa ×paradisiaca ‘Tiancheng No. 1’, which is a new banana variety developed through space breeding using ‘Baxijiao’. In this study, samples were taken from the typical plants of ‘Tiancheng No. 1’ with fusarium wilt. The pathogenic fungus was isolated and purified by tissue isolation method, and then the pathogenicity test was conducted by inoculating the roots of ‘Tiancheng No.1’ seedlings. At the same time, the pathogen were identified by combining morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence detection. The results showed that the pathogenic strain LWZ-XJ-4 was identified as F. oxysporum according to its morphological characteristics. The phylogenetic tree based on rDNA-ITS sequence showed that the pathogen closed to physiological race 4 of F. oxysporum Cuban specialization. The study identified the type of pathogen causing the wilt of banana ‘Tiancheng No. 1’. The results were suggestive to the control of the fusarium wilt and the promotion of ‘Tiancheng No. 1’. References | Related Articles | Metrics